love; I am loved, I was loved; I have loved, I have been loved; I fhall, or will, love, or be loved."

The two principal Auxiliaries, to have, and to be, are thus varied, according to Perfon, Number, Time, and Mode. Time is Prefent, Paft, or Future.

That the Participle is a mere Mode of the Verb, is manifeft, if our Definition of a Verb be admitted: for it fignifies being, doing, or fuffering, with the defignation of Time fuperadded. But if the effence of the Verb be made to confift in Affirmation, not only the Participle will be excluded from its place in the Verb, but the Infinitive itself alfo; which certain ancient Grammarians of great authority held to be alone the -genuine Verb, denying that title to all the other Modes. See HERMES, p. 164.

[5] Thou, in the Polite, and even in the Familiar Style, is difufed, and the Plural You is employed inftead of it: we fay, You have; not, Thou baft. Though

E 2.

Raft

in this cafe we apply You to a fingle Perfon, yet the Verb too muit agree with it in the Plural Number: it muft neceffarily be, You have; not, You baft. You was, the Second Perfon Plural of the Pronoun placed in agreement with the First or Third Perfon Singular of the Verb, is an enormous Solecism: and yet Authors of the first rank have inadvertently fallen into it. Knowing that you was my old mafter's good friend." Addifon; Spect. N° 517. "The account you was pleased to send me." Bentley, Phileleuth. Lipf, Part II. See the Letter prefixed. "Would to God 66 you was within her reach!" Bolingbroke to Swift, Letter 46. "If you was here." Ditto, Letter 47. "I am just now as well, as when you was here." Pope to Swift, P. S. to Letter 56. On the contrary the Solemn Style admits not of Fou for a fingle Perfon. This hath led Mr. Pope into a great impropriety in the beginning of his Meffiah:

"O Thon my voice infpire,

Who touch Ifaiah's hallow'd lips with fire;" The Solemnity of the Style would not admit of You for Thou in the Pronoun; nor the measure of the Verfe touchedf, or didft touch, in the Verb; as it indifpenfably ought to be, in the one, or the other, of these two forms: Tou, who touched; or Thou, who touchedft, or didft touch.

Future