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ance of having been literally ploughed up."-IRBY AND MANGLES, pp. 260, 275.

In his Researches in Greece the Rev. J. Hartley has the following passage. His friend, Mr. Leeves, was travelling in the dusk of the evening to Therapia. Passing a vineyard, he saw an animal of large size rush from among the vines, and cross the road with great precipitation. His attendant exclaimed, "Wild boar ! wild boar !" "What has the wild boar to do in the vineyard ?" asked Mr. Leeves. "Oh," replied the Greek, "'tis the custom of wild boars to frequent the vineyards, and to devour the grapes." And it is astonishing what havoc a wild boar is capable of effecting during a single night. What with eating, and what with trampling under foot, he will destroy a vast quantity of grapes.— p. 234.

"We met a wild boar of great size; these animals are very common in the Ghor, and my companions told me that the Arabs of the valley are unable to cultivate the common barley, on account of the eagerness with which the wild swine feed upon it; they are therefore obliged to grow a less esteemed sort, which the swine do not touch."-BURCKHARDT's Syria, &c. p. 278.

A peasant of the village of Bayad, on the Blackwater (in the plain of the Araxes), "begged us to send him some powder and lead, that he might shoot for us some wild hogs, which were laying waste his rice-fields.... The Blackwater has very marshy banks, extending for miles in some places, and covered with a tall and almost impenetrable growth of reeds. Here the wild hogs, of a dirty, darkish yellow-grey colour, lie concealed in great numbers, issuing forth at night to the rice-fields, on which they commit terrible devastations. The inhabitants, therefore, as soon as the rice begins to ripen, watch the fields at night, having dogs with them, which they set upon the hogs. On the evening of the same day, we made the villager conduct us to the rice-fields; we had scarcely gone a quarter of a mile from the vil

lage, when we saw a sow with four young ones: we tried to creep upon them, but without success, our advance through the reeds making too much noise. A little further on, we found it necessary to cross an arm of the Blackwater. The water reached above the knee; nevertheless, we waded through it at once, laughing at one another's wry faces, for the water was excessively cold, and there was no want of comic gestures. We sat a long hour on the watch, and heard the hogs frequently about us, but could not get sight of one, as it was, by this time, rather dark...(One of our men) came to us after some time; he had shot a hog. The wild swine have beaten broad paths through the reeds, by which they go to the rice-fields. On one of these he had, daringly enough, taken his post, and had the luck to get a shot. The next morning, the hog was dragged into the village with a horse; it was of goodly size, and must have weighed at least 280 pounds, for a pack-ox, on which it was placed, sank under the load; and a good pack-ox will easily bear the above-mentioned weight." -PARROT's Journey to Ararat, pp. 222–224.

"I left the remainder of the party to hunt the banks of the stream, which I knew in such a desolate country would be the resort of game. I had not proceeded far before I roused a large old sow, which, instead of running away, made directly at me, to the astonishment of the horse, which arose affrighted on its hind legs. I gave the view halloo to (my friends), who were only about half a mile distant, and firing a pistol in the face of my assailant, soon caused her to face about. My friends soon joined, and, holding the horse, I dismounted and ran into the jungle, not doubting but, from the sow's anger, I should find a litter; and just as I reached the water's edge, the last of the young pigs had taken to the water. It was not deep, however, and I followed and caught him round the waist as he was endeavouring to climb up the opposite bank, and brought him back, a squalling but valuable prize...As we followed the course

of the rivulet, we roused numerous other boars, who came to swell the retinue of the old sow and her young ones... We succeeded in capturing two other pigs. It was with difficulty that we could collect enough dry thistles and rushes to make a fire large enough to broil a pig, but, after some labour, this was accomplished....

"We observed a great number of boars, with troops of young ones, coming down from the upland, where they had been feeding all night, and repairing to hide themselves during the day in the jungle. I secured one of these by stationing myself at the mouth of a ravine, where I had not been a few minutes before half-a-dozen pigs came grunting along within a few yards of me. Great was the dismay when I suddenly advanced upon the party, the different members of which galloped awkwardly away in various directions. Selecting one, however, of portable dimensions, I shot him through the body, and carried him off." AINSWORTH's Asia Minor, vol. ii. pp. 151, 153, 333.

Buckingham mentions that he made an excellent supper one evening of boar's flesh. "The manner of dressing the latter was by placing about twenty pieces of half an inch square on a long skewer, and turning it over the fire as on a spit, so that a few minutes were sufficient to roast it; and even in this rude way of preparing it, nothing could be more palatable."-BUCKINGHAM's Arab Tribes, p. 148.

"From among the woody thickets by which we were surrounded, rushed forth two wild boars, nearly black, and seemingly ferocious. Their appearance was (so) wild...that we were pleased at their dashing across our path without attempting a stand; particularly as our horses, untrained to the sport of hunting the mountain boar, were much terrified at the sudden sight of these animals."-Ibid. p. 64.

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"And he made his camels to kneel down without the city, by a well of water at the time of the evening..."

JOB i. 3.

"His substance also was... three thousand camels."

ISAIAH XXX. 6.

"They will carry... their treasures upon the bunches of camels."

lx. 6.

"The multitude of camels shall cover thee, the dromedaries of Midian and Ephah.

JEREMIAH ii. 23.

"Thou art a swift dromedary traversing her ways."

Over the arid and thirsty deserts of Asia and Africa, the camel affords to man the only means of intercourse between one country and another. The camel has been created with an especial adaptation to the regions wherein it has contributed to the comfort, and even to the very existence, of man, from the earliest ages. It is formed to endure the severest hardships; its feet are made to tread lightly upon a dry and shifting soil; its nostrils have the capacity of closing, so as to shut out the driving sand, when the whirlwind scatters it over the desert; it is provided with a peculiar apparatus for retaining water in its stomach, so that it can march from well to well without great inconvenience, although they be several hundred miles apart. And thus, when a company of Eastern merchants cross from Aleppo to Bussora, over a plain of sand which offers no refreshment, the whole journey being eight hundred miles, the camel of the heavy caravan moves cheerfully along, with a burden of six or seven hundred weight, at the rate of twenty miles a day; while those of greater speed, that carry a man without much other load, go forward at double that pace and daily distance. Patient under his duties, he kneels down at the command of his driver, and rises up cheerfully with his load; he requires no whip or spur during his monotonous march; but, like many other animals, he feels an evident pleasure in musical sounds; and, therefore, when fatigue comes upon him, the driver sings some cheering snatch of his Arabian melodies, and the delighted creature toils forward with a brisker step, till the hour of rest arrives, when he again kneels down to have his load removed for a little while; and if the stock of food be not exhausted, he is further rewarded with a few mouthfuls of the cake of barley, which he carries for the sustenance of his master and himself. Under a burning sun, upon an arid soil, enduring great fatigue, and seldom completely slaking his thirst more than once during a progress of several hundred miles, the camel is patient and

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