the tongue and lips, jointly with the inarticulate, made use of in forming fyllables and words, as ab, ba, pa, am, ma, pater, mater, father, mother, naturally uttered by kids, lambs, and children. Thefe articulations, by reafon of their use with the vowels, are named confonants, from the Latin word confono, to found with or in conjunction.

This description of articulate and inarticulate founds, is neceffary as a first principle or foundation in our present subject, and will be found of the utmost utility to thofe, who wish to speak and fing properly, diftinctly, and elegantly, either in English, French, Italian, or any other language whatever, after a manner, which, it is faid, was inspired into the ancient Greeks, Graiis ingenium, Graiis dedit ore rotundo Mufa loqui

Modulation and Harmony.

Single founds, as being unconnected with any other, afford no fenfe in language, nor tune and delight in mufick: to effect this they must proceed in a certain mode and regular fucceffion, called modulation

modulation or melody, and in proportionate combinations, which constitute harmony.

Sounds, as intimated above, are confonant or diffonant, that is, pleafing or difgufting.

Diffonant are thofe of difproportion, tremulous, fhrill, jarring, rough, hoarse, too loud, or out of tune; and those which are confonant, muft, on the contrary, be steady, smooth and proportionate.

If the fingle founds be not agreeable to the ear, it is impoffible they fhould be fo either in melody or harmony; this may be admitted as a mufical maxim.

The first and principal care, therefore, of a vocal or inftrumental performer, should be taken in the formation of single founds, by making them bear a due proportion of foft and loud, with sweetness to each other in fucceffion and union.

The production and formation of agreeable

Sounds.

In order to know how fingle founds may be made agreeable to the ear, it is necessary

to

to confider more particularly the manner and means by which they are produced. Inftrumental founds and tones are propagated principally two ways, either by the vibration of strings and wires of different dimenfions and tenfions, that is, drawn up to a certain pitch, or by conveyance of air through tubes and pipes of different fizes, lengths, and apertures: Vocal founds, or those of the human voice, are produced both these ways. For the lungs, being inflated with air, communicate it by preffure to the wind pipe, an artery or muscle, confifting of nerves and tubes at the top of this the larynx, by dilatation, contraction and pulfation, plays, as it were, and forms the founds; which being transmitted through the mouth, are fhaped by the lips.

Galen, contemplating on the final caufes of parts and members in the human body, difcovered the wisdom of the Creator in the form of the hand, with the fingers shorter one than the other, curiously contrived, by the preffure of the thumb on the back of them, for griping and holding faft:

modulation or melody, and in proportionate combinations, which constitute harmony.

Sounds, as intimated above, are confonant or diffonant, that is, pleafing or disgusting.

Diffonant are thofe of difproportion, tremulous, fhrill, jarring, rough, hoarse, too loud, or out of tune; and those which are confonant, muft, on the contrary, be fteady, fmooth and proportionate.

If the fingle founds be not agreeable to the ear, it is impoffible they fhould be fo either in melody or harmony; this may be admitted as a mufical maxim.

The first and principal care, therefore, of a vocal or inftrumental performer, should be taken in the formation of single founds, by making them bear a due proportion of foft and loud, with sweetness to each other in fucceffion and union.

The production and formation of agreeable Sounds.

In order to know how fingle founds may be made agreeable to the ear, it is neceffary

to

to confider more particularly the manner and means by which they are produced. Inftrumental founds and tones are propagated principally two ways, either by the vibration of ftrings and wires of different dimenfions and tenfions, that is, drawn up to a certain pitch, or by conveyance of air through tubes and pipes of different fizes, lengths, and apertures: Vocal founds, or those of the human voice, are produced both these ways. For the lungs, being inflated with air, communicate it by preffure to the wind pipe, an artery or muscle, confifting of nerves and tubes at the top of this the larynx, by dilatation, contraction and pulfation, plays, as it were, and forms the founds; which being transmitted through the mouth, are shaped by the lips.

Galen, contemplating on the final caufes of parts and members in the human body, discovered the wifdom of the Creator in the form of the hand, with the fingers shorter one than the other, curiously contrived, by the preffure of the thumb on the back of them, for griping and holding faft: