but to a confiderable Body of Men who were beft acquainted with the Hebrew Dialect: That (tho' he wrote his Letter in Greek, yet) he often ufes fuch ways of fpeaking as are peculiar to the Hebrew Language, Now, according to that Language, Being made Sinners, may very well fignify, being adjudged or condemned to death. For the Hebrew Word yw which fignifies to be a Sinner*, in the Conjugation Hiphil, fignifies to make one a Sinner by a judicial Sentence, or to condemn; and fo it is often ufed. For inftance, Exod. xxii. 9, And whom the Judges ww fhall condemn, or make a Sinner. Deut. xxv. 1. Then they (the Judges) fhall juftify the Righteous, ww and condemn the wicked. 1 King. viii. 32. Hear thou in heaven, and do, and judge thy fervants y condemning the wicked, making the wicked a Sinner. Job ix. 20. If I justify myself, my own mouth' will condemn me, make me wicked, or a Sinner. Job x. 2. I will fay unto God, do not

condemn me, make me a Sinner by thy Sentence. Job xv. 6. Thy own mouth condemneth thee, maketh thee a Sinner. Job. xxxii. 3. And yet had condemned Job; made him a Sinner. Job xxxiv. 17. And yn wilt thou condemn bim

that

*N. B. The Noun yw is translated by apaglaλ, Sinner, the Word the Apostle here ufeth, no less than fixty-two times in the Greek of the Septuagint, 2 Chron. xix. 2. Pfal. iii. 7. vii. 9. ix. 16, 17. x. 3, 4. xi. 2, 6. xxviii. 3. xxxi. 1o. &c. Vid. Trom. Concord.

that is most just? make him a Sinner by a judicial Act, by judging him fuch? Job xl. 8. Wilt thou alfo difannul my judgment?

Wilt thou condemn me (faith the Lord to Job) that thou mayeft be righteous? Wilt thou fit as Judge upon me, and condemn me, i, e. make me a finner by thy Sentence, that thou mayest juftify thyfelf? Pfal. xxxvii. 33. The Lord will not leave him in his hand, nor y

condemn him, (fuffer him to be made a Sinner by an act of Judgment) when he is judged. Pfal. xciv. 21. Shall the throne, the judgment-feat, of iniquity have fellowship with thee, which frameth mifchief by a law? they gather themfelves together against the foul of the righteous, and ww condemn (make wicked by an act of judgment) the innocent blood. Prov. xvii. 15. He that juftifieth the wicked, and be that condemneth, (maketh a finner judicially) the just, even they both are an abomination tò the Lord. Ifai. 1. 9. Behold the Lord God will help me, who is be that shall condemn me? make me a finner? Ifai. liv. 17. And every tongue that fhall rise up against thee in judgment, wn thou shalt condemn, make wicked or a finner.

THESE Quotations evidence this to be a familiar Form of Speech in the Hebrew Scriptures, And you fee, according to this way of speaking, how thefe two Expreffions do exactly agree in Signification, and that they

might have been expreffed by the very fame Word in Hebrew, By the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; and, by one man's disobedience many were made finners: For condemnation in judgment, and making one a finner, by a judicial Act, by an Act of judgment, are the very fame thing in the Hebrew Language*.

BUT befides all this, it is here expressly affirmed, that the many, i. e. Mankind, are made Sinners, not by their own Disobedience, but by the Disobedience of another Man. Now any one may fee, there is a vaft Difference between a Man's making himself a Sinner by his

* NOTE, It is not in the Greek Text εγένοντο became Sinners; but nalesanoav were conftituted Sinners, viz. by the Will and Appointment of the Judge. Indeed the Septuagint render the Hebrew Word y varioufly : Sometimes by καταγινωσκω, καταδικάζω, και καω, ητίαω, ασεβεω, τιθημι είναι ασεβη, &c. which laft cometh nearest to the Apostle's Phrafe. You have it in 7ob xxxii. 3. εθεντο αύτον είναι ασεβή. But let it be remembred, the Apoftle is not here quoting any Text out of the Old Teftament; and therefore may well be supposed to exprefs himself in his own Way: Which whether it doth not as fully and truly convey the Idea of the Hebrew Word, as any Word or Words the Septuagint have chosen, the Learned will eafily judge. To me, I confess, it seems beyond all Difpute.

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own wicked Act, and his being made a Sinner by the wicked Act of another, of which he is altogether guiltless. They who are made Sinners by the Difobedience of another, without their own Knowledge or Confent, furely can be Sinners in no other Senfe but as they are Sufferers. They are Sinners by sharing in the Calamities of thofe that have finned } which may be, without any Wrong to them, by the just Appointment of God, not as a Punishment, but for other good Reasons. So Lot would have been made a Sinner with the Sodomites, Gen. xix. 15. had he not escaped out of the City; he would have been confumed in the iniquity of the city. So Abimeleck's Subjects would have been made Sinners, had he been guilty of Adultery, Gen. xx. 9. What have 1 offended thee that thou haft brought on me and on my kingdom a great fin? How Sin was in danger of being brought upon them

Sin and Iniquity are frequently עון and תמאת *

ufed to fignify fuffering, by putting the Effect for the Caufe. Confult the Hebrew of the following Texts, Gen. iv. 13. Lev. xxvi. 41, 43. 1 Sam. xxviii. 10. 2 King. vii. 9. Job xix. 29. Lam. iii. 39--46. Ezek. xiv. 10. Zech. xiv. 19. with feveral other Places. And in the Levitical Law, bearing iniquity, or fin, and being put to death, are Terms of the fame fignification, as Lev. xxii. 9. Bear fin and die therefore. Numb. xviii. 22. Left they bear fin, and die. Numb. xii. 11. Lay nor the fin upon us, i. e. let us not fuffer for it.

them he explains, ver. 4. He faid, Lord, wilt thou flay also a righteous nation? In the fame Senfe, Fer. li. 6. Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his foul: be not cut off in her iniquity.So CHRIST was made fin for us, who knew no fin, 2 Cor. v. 21. He was numbered amongst tranfgreflors. Take Sin in what Senfe you pleafe, it is all one to our prefent Purpose. He, who was perfectly free from all Sin, was, without any Injustice to him, made fin for us in fome fenfe or other. And therefore a Perfon may be made fin, or may be numbered among tranfgreffors, who is no ways guilty of that Sin, for which he is made a Sinner. For CHRIST was made fin, who never was guilty of any Sin at all. The plain Truth is, CHRIST fuffered on account of the Sins of Men, and fo HE was made fin : And Men fuffer on account of Adam's first Sin, and fo THEY are made Sinners.

IT feems then confirmed and cleared to me beyond all Doubt, that, By one man's Dif obedience many were made finners, the Apoftle meaneth neither more nor lefs, than that by Adam's Offence, the many, that is, Mankind, were made fubject to Death by the Judgment of God.

In this Paragraph there is but a Word or two more relating to the Point in hand, namely, So death paffed upon all men, for that all have

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