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a chain, for the rain might sometimes rust it, or a tree might fall and break it; but he should consider them as the same flesh and blood with the Christians, and the same as if one man's body were to be divided into two parts. He then took up the parchment, and presented it to the Sachem, who wore the horn in the chaplet, and desired him and the other Sachems to preserve it carefully for three generations, that their children might know what had passed between them, just as if he had remained himself with them to repeat it.

"That William Penn must have done and said a great deal more on this interesting occasion than has now been represented, there can be no doubt. What I have advanced may be depended upon; but I am not warranted in going farther. It is also to be regretted, that the speeches of the Indians on this memorable day have not come down to

us.

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says, "he occupied his domains by actual bargain and sale with the Indians. This fact does him infinite honour, as no blood was shed, and the Christian and the Barbarian met as brothers. Penn has thus taught us to respect the lives and properties of the most unenlightened nations." Being now returned," says Robert Proud, in his History of Pennsylvania, "from Maryland to Coaquannoc, he purchased lands of the Indians, whom he treated with great justice and sincere kindness.-It was at this time when he first entered personally into that friendship with them, which ever afterwards continued between them, and which for the space of more than seventy years was never interrupted, or so long as the Quakers retained power in the Government.— His conduct in general to these people was so engaging, his justice in particular so conspicuous, and the counsel and advice which he gave them were so evidently for their advantage, that he became thereby very much endeared to them; and the sense thereof made such deep impressions on their understandings, that his name and memory will scarcely ever be effaced while they continue a people.”

Trophies of Victory.

It is only known that they solemnly pledged themselves, according to their country manner, to live in love with William Penn and his children, as long as the sun and moon should endure. Thus ended this famous treaty, of which more has been said in the way of praise than of any other ever transmitted to posterity. "This," says Voltaire, was the only treaty between those people and the Christians, that was not ratified THOPHIES of victory or conquest by an oath, and that was never are preserved and exhibited as the broken."-" William Penn thought pride of individuals and the glory of it right," says the Abbé Raynal, to nations; and they have been emobtain an additional right by a fair ployed as means of exciting the same and open purchase from the abori- spirit of rapine and violence, as that gines; and thus he signalized his by which they were obtained. Saarrival by an act of equity, which vages preserve the scalps of those made his person and principles equally they kill in war. More polished beloved."-Here it is the mind rests nations preserve standards, statues, with pleasure upon modern history, paintings, and other articles which and feels some kind of compensation they have plundered from the inhafor the disgust, melancholy and bitants of conquered countries. Young horror, which the whole of it, but men are directed to regard these troparticularly that of the European phies as proofs of the virtue and This Settlements in America, inspires. prowess of their ancestors. Noble, in his continuation of Granger, practice has been adopted by Chris

tian nations; and perhaps the people of every country have treasures of this kind in which they glory.

But what does reason, enlightened by religion, say of such a practice, and such memorials? It says the practice is barbarous, derived from pagans and savages, unworthy of existence among Christians, and a reproach to any country: What! What! shall Christians preserve memorials of the robberies and bloodshed committed by their ancestors, or their cotemporaries, to stimulate the young to follow such examples ! With equal propriety they might preserve the idols and altars of Pagan forefathers, to excite in children a veneration for idolatrous worship, and a delight in human sacrifices.

Trophies of victory have generally been trophies of barbarity, injustice, murder, and desolation. What should we think of a band of robbers or pirates, so hardened or so blind, as to preserve trophies of their destructive exploits, to encourage their chilto imitate their examples? This would be as just, as humane, and as wise, as the policy of Christian nations now under review. Are not the trophies of the Spanish conquest of South America-of the British conquests in India-of Napoleon's conquests in Europe-and of our victories over the natives of this country, in general, Memorials of injustice, rapine, and violence, as inconsistent with the Christian religion, as the conduct for which pirates and robbers are doomed to die? What essential difference can be discerned in the cases, except on the principle, that rulers may honourably and safely commit such acts of robbery and violence, as would expose common people to infamy and to hell?

Trophies of victory are so far from operating to preserve a nation from war, and to promote its prosperity, that they have a direct tendency to its ruin. They are the means of exciting envy, pride, ambition, malignity and revenge. They tend to in

toxicate and bewilder the minds of men,-to make them thirst for war, to overlook its crimes and calamities, to seek occasions of strife, to take offence at trifles, and rashly to expose a people to misery and destruction.

The numerous trophies treasured up in Paris by Napoleon, were fuel to keep alive the fire of war, till France was made to feel the terrible effects of a war policy, and was stript of her memorials of conquest. But while these trophies remained in Paris, what did they prove in regard to Napoleon? Did they witness to his benevolence and justice? Far from this. They were ample proofs that he was an atrocious or deluded mankiller-a successful, but abandoned robber. The same may be said of the trophies of all the mighty conquerors of nations and desolators of countries. Instead of being the objects of applause and panegyric, such men should have been exhibited to the world as a curse to their species, and as much worse than common highwaymen, as their crimes were more numerous, more atrocious, and more afflicting to mankind.

What would have been thought of M'Carty, had he, after his victory at Bladensburg, taken the musket and the scalp of General Mason, preserved and exhibited them as trophies to excite others to imitate his wonderful heroism? Would he not have been regarded as a merciless barbarian, unworthy of a place in civilized civilized society? Yet, considered apart from the influence of a savage practice, such conduct in Burr, M'Carty, Barron, or any victorious duellist, would have been no more inhuman, immoral, irreligious, or detestable, than the common practice of preserving trophies in public

war.

It will perhaps be said that Christian nations do not take the scalps of the slain to preserve as trophies. Truly they do not; but when they have deprived men of their lives, it is less inhuman and less unjust to

take the scalps of the dead, than to add to the misery of survivors, by destroying their dwellings, or taking any thing which would be necessary to their subsistence or their comfort.

Christians of this country have been delighted in hearing that the inhabitants of Otaheite had" burned their idols," and become worshippers of the living God. Would it not however be matter of still greater joy, if such a reformation should occur in Christendom? The trophies of victory, preserved by Christian nations, encourage a species of idolatry, as immoral, inhuman, antichristian, and fatal, as was ever practised by the barbarians of Otaheite.

Let no one imagine, that the general consent of nations to the practice of preserving trophies is any evidence in its favour. In former ages there was a general consent of nations to the custom of offering human sacrifices. Both customs are, we believe, an abomination in the sight of God, and utterly unworthy to be associated with the name of à Christian.

Some apology may perhaps be made in favour of a people so barbarous as not to be acquainted with any better means of obtaining a subsistence, than rapine and violence,or so profoundly ignorant of human nature, and of right and wrong, as not to know a better method of settling controversies, than the appeal to arms. But, excepting the delusive influence of custom, what apology can be made for those who are blessed with common sense, the means of instruction, and the light of the Gospel?

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belonging to the Society of Friends, there is a passage which may very properly find a place in the Herald of Peace. With that, characteristic fortitude which distinguishes those who act under a strong perception of duty, and which I have often noticed with pleasure in the Society of Friends, (though I belong not to their number) John Pemberton never shunned to declare what he conceived to be the whole counsel of God. Having arrived at Fort Augustus in the Highlands, he felt desirous of addressing the soldiers belonging to the garrison, which he was permitted to do. The account given by his companion, Thomas Wilkinson, is as follows:

"Intimation being given to the officers, that the company of the soldiers at meeting would be acceptable, they gave directions that they should attend; and they marched in ranks to the chapel, which was very full. The soldiers had received orders to march next morning, in order to embark for the West Indies. John Pemberton was much enlarged in different testimonies amongst them; the season seemed like a farewell to them; he signified that he had often felt a near regard for soldiers, and intimated the uncertainty of life to all men, more particularly to those in their situation, and he affectionately recommended to them to have the fear of God, and the thoughts of their latter end, daily before their eyes. Ah! it is a reflection which now melts my heart, that probably, fallen in battle, the fine forms of many of these young men have long ago mouldered into dust, and their names, save by some near relation, are utterly forgotten : may the part that never dies of those thus hurried prematurely from the stage of life feel a peaceful immortality, is the prayer of my soul! But oh! you that promote war and bloodshed in the earth, whatever your pretensions, it is all one to me, think at the day of final retribution, 2 R

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how you must account to your God for the lives of his creatures, I had almost said for their unrepented sins. Ye ought not only to consider yourselves as the parents of human calamity, but, from the licentiousness, immorality, and irreligion of war, as the prime agents of eternal misery. Could any reflecting mind sit down, unbiassed by prejudice, passion, interest, or opinion, and collect all the consequences, temporal and eternal, inseparable from War; if the review could be supported by the human intellect without destruction to it, the display of misery would be the most dreadful that ever was contemplated. What a train of mournful incidents seem now pressing on my thoughts! But I forbear. This is not the place for giving way to the lamentable

detail."

the Constitution of the United States. We copy them into this work, with a desire that they should be generally understood; and with a hope that they will not again be violated, in making war on the Indian tribes. Had they been heretofore duly observed, they would probably have prevented all the crimes and miseries of the Seminole war. As there was no act of Congress authorizing that war, at whose hands will the blood that was shed be required? This is a question which demands the serious attention of the government and the people of the United States.

Turkish Warfare.

.. O what are these,

Death's ministers, not men, who thus deal death Inhumanly to men, and multiply

Ten thousandfold the sin of him who slew

Make they but of their brethren, men of men?

Extract from a private Letter, July 15, 1821.

O, that all who bear the name of His brother: for of whom such massacre Christians, could read the above extract; and that those who give any kind of encouragement to martial enterprises, would consider the diabolical nature and dreadful consequences of War, and the awful responsibility which attaches to the promoters of strife between man and

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The War-making Power. «Ir is sufficient to say, that the Executive Authority of the United States, and much less a subordinate officer, has no power to change the pacific relations of the nation. The President of the United States is bound constitutionally to preserve the peace of the country until Congress declares it in a state of war: he

can only, while thus in a state of peace, use the military forces of the nation in three specified cases, that is, to execute the laws of the Union, to suppress insurrection, and repel invasion."—Report of the Committee of the Senate of the United States on the Seminole War.

THE principles here asserted by the Committee of the Senate we believe to be strictly conformable to

Milton.

"THE plains of Wallachia, which I traversed from Bucharest to the frontiers, formerly so beautiful and fertile, now present the appearance of desolation and ruin; the dead bodies with which they are covered infect the air; nothing is to be heard but the mournful howlings with which the dogs, having lost their masters, fill the forests and fields; no more men, nor towns, nor villagesthe Barbarians have destroyed every thing, even the fruit-trees, to gratify their savage fury. More than 20,000 persons, the greater part of them dragged into slavery beyond the women and children, have been Danube. Aged men and women are massacred without mercy, and the lives of young women only are spared, who are destined for the Harem, and those of children to be brought up to the Mahometan religion. The churches and converts are every where razed from their foundations; in a convent of women, those who

were advanced in years were put to the sword; and the young females carried into slavery."

London Papers, Aug. 8.

The Robber Disarmed by Confidence. DURING a civil war in the reign of Henry vi. of England, "Margaret," the Queen," with her son, fled into

a forest, where she was descried by a band of robbers, who stripped her of her jewels, and treated her person with great indignity. Fortunately she escaped, while her plunderers were quarrelling about their booty; and penetrating into the depth of the forest, she wandered about till she was exhausted with fatigue and terror. At length, seeing a man approach with a drawn sword, she summoned resolution enough to go out to meet him, saying, 'Here, friend, I commit to you the son of your king, for that protection which I am unable to afford him.' The man, though a robber, was disarmed of every ill intention, by the confidence which was reposed in him, and devoted himself to their service. After concealing them some time in the woods, and providing for their support, he conducted them in safety to the sea-coast, whence they took an opportunity of escaping to Flanders."-Cyclopedia, article Margaret of Anjou.

Had the Queen, instead of this intrepid and magnanimous course, assumed airs of defiance or defence, it is probable that both she and her son would have been murdered. But even a robber may be susceptible of the influence of magnanimity and confidence, whether they be real or feigned.

What then would be the effect, if the rulers of different countries should display as much apparent confidence in each other, as Margaret did in the robber? Might they not safely renounce most of their hostile preparations, relieve their subjects of

grievous burdens, and be less exposed to danger than they are while each pursues a distrustful and menacing policy? What could have a more injurious effect on the characters of men, than cherishing towards ship, and war? And what can be more each other the spirit of jealousy, rivalabsurd than to cherish such a spirit as the means of preserving peace?

The Kingdom of God on Earth. By the

Rev. JOHN WHITEHOUSE.

THE exercise of reason, and the indulgence of the common feelings of humanity, may accomplish much in favour of Peace, by exhibiting the injustice and the cruelties attendant upon War, and the blessings arising from national tranquillity. But the principles and spirit of the religion of Jesus, couceived with clearness, and expressed with force, constitute the legitimate and only solid foundation upon which permanent and universal Peace can be established. It is therefore the duty of the friends of Peace, not only to propagate their amiable anti-belligerent sentiments, but to hail with joy, and to promote with zeal, every endeavour to extend the sacred precepts of Christianity throughout the world.

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Under the habitual impression of this weighty truth, we rejoice with joy unfeigned in the successful labours of Christian Missionaries of all religious persuasions, who go forth in the humble and meek spirit of their great Master. We may differ from each on topics of minor importance; but we entertain common feeling with all of them, in the belief that Christians of every denomination are imperiously required to use their utmost endeavours to evangelize the world. We are deeply impressed with the importance of the universal prevalence of Christianity, in order to the annihilation of the spirit of War, and the fulfilment of the prophecy, 'On earth peace, good-will towards man.'

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