yard, well planted with trees, and surrounded by a handsome wall, adorned at equal distances with iron rails.

The church is a commodious and elegant structure; and though the architect appears to have understood ornaments, he has not been, too lavish in the use of them. The edifice consists of a tall and handsome body, with a tower and turret. The body is divided, by the projection of the middle part, into a fore-front in the center, and two small fronts. Over the principal entrance is a group of figures, representing Charity, and, on each side, in niches, are figures of Faith and Hope. At the west end is the tower, and at the east it swells into the sweep of a circle. The corners of the building are faced with rustic; the windows, which are large and well-proportioned, are cased with stone, with a cherub's head at the top of the arch; and the roof is concealed by a blocking course. The tower has a considerable diminution in the upper stage, which has on each side a pediment, and is covered by a dome, from which rises an elegant turret, supported by Composite columns.

On a line with this square, but farther to the east, is another, called Prince's-square; which is neat, and also chiefly inhabited by the families of gentlemen belonging to the sea. The principal ornament of this square, is the church and church-yard belonging to the Swedes. The front of this building is carried up flat, with niches and ornaments, and on the summit is a pediment. The body is divided into a central part, projecting forwarder than the rest, and two sides. The central part has two tall windows, terminated by a pediment, in the midst of which is an oval window; but in the sides there is only a compartment below, with a circular window above. The corners of the building are wrought in a bold plain rustic. The tower rises square from the roof, and at the corners. VOL. IV.

are

are placed urns with flames; from thence rises a turret, in the lantern form, with flaming urns at the corners: the turret is covered with a dome, from which rises a ball, supporting the vane, in the form of a rampant lion.

At the south-west extremity of this parish is the Tower of London.

The foundation of this fortress has been attributed, though without reason, to Julius Cæsar. We have no authentic documents, to prove the existence of any place of strength on this site, before the Conquest; nor does it appear, that William the Conqueror erected anything more, at first, than a sort of field-work, hastily flung up, on his taking possession of the capital, as a place of security while he was employed in settling the government.

Stow, on the authority of Edmond of Hadenham's Register Book of the Acts of the Bishops of Rochester, says, that he built the White Tower about the year 1078, appointing Gundulph, Bishop of Rochester, and the most celebrated architect of that period, to superintend the work..

In 1092, this building sustained great damage from a violent tempest of wind; but it was afterwards repaired by William Rufus, who added another cas-. tellated tower, on the south side, between it and the river.

The Tower was first enclosed about the year 1190, by William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, who, under pretence of guarding against the designs of John, the king's brother, surrounded it with embattled walls, and a broad deep ditch, communicating with the river Thames.

Hitherto, the Tower was considered as a fortress for the defence of the city; but Matthew Paris says, that, "in the year 1239, Henry III. fortified the Tower to another end; wherefore the citizens, fear

ing lest that was done to their detriment, complained; and the king answered, that he had not done it to their hurt; but, saith he, I will from henceforth do as my brother doth, in building and fortifying castles, who beareth the name to be wiser than I am."

The building of the Lion's Tower is, by Pennant, attributed to Edward IV. but erroneously. According to Strype, that king" fortified the Tower, and enclosed a piece of ground, taken out of the Towerhill, west from the Lion Tower, now called the Bulwark:" whence it is evident, that it must have been built before his time. Probably Henry I. was the founder of it; since he introduced the menagerie, which had formerly been kept at Woodstock. Besides, it is expressly stated, that Henry III. kept lions, leopards, &c. in a part of the bulwark, called the Lion Tower, and that their keeper lodged there.

Richard III. made some additions to the Tower, and Henry VIII. repaired the White Tower, which was rebuilt in 1638; and, after the Restoration, it was thoroughly repaired, and a great number of additional buildings made to it: and, in 1663, the ditch was cleansed, all the wharfing about it was rebuilt of brick and stone, and sluices made for admitting and retaining the Thames water, as occasion might require. The present contents of the Tower, within the walls, are twelve acres and five rods; the circuit, outside of the ditch, one thousand and fifty-two feet.

The Tower stands on the north side of the river Thames, from which it is separated by a convenient wharf, and narrow ditch, over which is a draw bridge, for the more easy receiving or sending out ammunition, and naval or military stores. On this wharf is a long and beautiful platform, whereon stand sixtyone pieces of cannon, mounted on very handsome carriages,