28.

17.

1 Joh. iii. 2.

Matt. xix. life of Glory. Our Saviour puts us in mind of the Regeneration, when the Son of Man shall sit in the throne of his glory. The resurrection of our bodies is a kind of coming out of the womb of the earth, and entering upon immortality, a nativity into Luke xx. another life. For they which shall be accounted worthy to obtain 35, 36. that world, and the resurrection from the dead, are the sons of Rom. viii. God, being the sons of the resurrection; and then as sons, they Col. iii. 24. become heirs, co-heirs with Christ, receiving the promise and Heb. ix. 15. reward of eternal inheritance. (d) Beloved, now we are the sons of God, saith St. John, even in this life by regeneration, and it doth not yet appear, or, it hath not been yet made manifest, what we shall be; but we know, that if he appear, we shall be like him; the manifestation of the Father being a sufficient declaration of the condition of the sons, when the sonship itself consist1 Pet. i. 3, eth in a similitude of the Father. And, Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope, by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead; to an inheritance incorruptible and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for us. Why may not then a second kind of regeneration be thought a fit addition of this paternal relation?

4.

Neither is there only a natural, but also a voluntary and civil foundation of Paternity; for the laws have found a way by which a man may become a father without procreation: and this imitation of (e) nature is called adoption, taken in the general (ƒ) signification. Although therefore many ways God be a Father, yet lest any way might seem to exclude us from being his sons, he hath made us so also by adoption. Others are wont to fly to this, as to a comfort of their solitary condition, when either (g) nature hath denied them, or death bereft them of their offspring. Whereas God doth it not for his own, but for our 1 Joh. iii. 1. sakes; nor is the advantage his, but ours. Behold what manner of love the Father hath bestowed upon us, that we should be called the sons of God; that we, the sons of disobedient and condemned Adam by natural generation, should be translated into the glorious liberty of the sons of God by adoption; that we, who were aliens, strangers, and enemies, should be assumed unto Eph. iii. 15. the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, on whom all the (h) family of heaven and earth is named, and be made partakers of the Eph. i. 18. riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints. For as in the

legal adoption, the father hath as (i) full and absolute power over

his adopted son, as over his own issue; so in the spiritual, the adopted sons have a clear and undoubted right of inheritance. He then who hath predestinated us unto the adoption of children Eph. i. 5. by Jesus Christ to himself, hath thereby another kind of paternal relation, and so we receive the Spirit of adoption, whereby we Rom. viii. cry, Abba, Father.

15.

2.

The necessity of this faith in God as in our Father appeareth, first, in that it is the ground of all our filial fear, honour, and obedience due unto him upon this relation. Honour thy Father Eph. vi. 1, is the first commandment with promise, written in tables of stone with the finger of God; and, Children, obey your parents in the Lord, is an evangelical precept, but founded upon principles of reason and justice; for this is right, saith St. Paul. And if there be such a rational and legal obligation of honour and obedience to the fathers of our flesh, how much more must we think ourselves obliged to him whom we believe to be our heavenly and everlasting Father? A son honoureth his father, and a servant Malac. i. 6. his master. If then I be a father, where is my honour? and if I be a master, where is my fear? saith the Lord of hosts. If we be heirs, we must be co-heirs with Christ; if sons, we must be brethren to the only-begotten: but being he came not to do his own will, but the will of him that sent him, he acknowledgeth no fraternity but with such as do the same; as he hath said, Whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven, the Matt. xii. same is my brother. If it be required of a bishop in the church 50. of God, to be one that ruleth well his own house, having his chil- 1 Tim. iii. dren in subjection with all gravity; what obedience must be due," what subjection must be paid, unto the father of the family?

4.

The same relation in the object of our faith is the life of our devotions, the expectation of all our petitions. Christ, who taught his disciples, and us in them, how to pray, propounded not the knowledge of God, though without that he could not. hear us; neither represented he his power, though without that he cannot help us; but comprehended all in this relation, When Luke xi. 2. ye pray, say, Our Father. This prevents all vain repetitions of our most earnest desires, and gives us full security to cut off all tautology, for our Father knoweth what things we have need of Matt. vi. 8. before we ask him. This creates a clear assurance of a grant without mistake of our petition: (k) What man is there of us, Matt. vii. 9, who if his son ask bread, will give him a stone? or if he ask fish, will give him a serpent? If we then who are evil know how to

10, 11.

IO.

give good gifts unto our children; how much more shall our Father which is in heaven give good things to them that ask him?

Again, this Paternity is the proper foundation of our Christian patience, sweetening all afflictions with the name and nature of Heb. xii. 9, fatherly corrections. (1) We have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection to the Father of spirits, and live? especially considering, that they chastened us after their own pleasure ; but he for our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness : they, as an argument of their authority; he, as an assurance of his love: they, that we might acknowledge them to be our parents; he, that he may persuade us that we are his sons: For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth. And what greater incitement unto the exercise of patience is imaginable unto a suffering soul, than to see in every stroke the hand of a Father, in every affliction a demonstration of his love? Or how canst thou repine, or be guilty of the least Deut. viii. degree of impatiency, even in the sharpest corrections, if thou shalt know with thine heart, that as a man chasteneth his son, so the Lord thy God chasteneth thee? How canst thou not be comforted, and even rejoice in the midst of thy greatest sufferings, when thou knowest that he which striketh pitieth, he which Psa. ciii. 13. afflicteth is as it were afflicted with it? For like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him.

5.

Lastly, the same relation strongly inferreth an absolute necessity of our imitation; it being clearly vain to assume the title of son without any similitude of the Father. What is the (m) general notion of generation but the production of the like; nature, ambitious of perpetuity, striving to preserve the species in the multiplication and succession of individuals? And this similitude consisteth partly in essentials, or the likeness of nature; partly in accidentals, or the likeness in (n) figure, or (o) affections. Gen. v. 3. Adam begat a son in his own likeness, after his image: and can we imagine those the sons of God, which are no way like him? a similitude of nature we must not, of figure we cannot pretend unto: it remains then only that we bear some likeness in our Eph. v. 1. actions and affections. (p) Be ye therefore followers, saith the Apostle, or rather imitators of God, as dear children. What he hath revealed of himself, that we must express within ourselves. Lev. xi. 44. Thus God spake unto the children of Israel, whom he styled his Son, Ye shall be holy, for I am holy. And the Apostle upon the

& xix. 2. &

xx. 7.

same ground speaketh unto us, as to obedient children, As he that 1 Pet. i. 15. hath called you is holy, so be ye holy in all manner of conversation. It is part of the general beneficence and universal goodness of

August. in

our God, that he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the Matt. v. 44, good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. These im- 45. Vide S. partial beams and undistinguishing showers are but to shew us Psalm c. what we ought to do, and to make us fruitful in the works of God; for no other reason Christ hath given us this command, (9) Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, that ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven. No other command did he give upon this ground, but, Be ye therefore merciful, as your Father is merciful.

So necessary is this faith in God, as in our Father, both for direction to the best of actions, and for consolation in the worst of conditions.

Lukevi. 36.

17.

But although this be very necessary, yet is it not the principal or most proper explication of God's paternity. For as we find one person in a more peculiar manner the Son of God, so must we look upon God as in a more peculiar manner the Father of that Son. (r) I ascend unto my Father and your Father, saith John xx. our Saviour; the same of both, but in a different manner, denoted by the article prefixed before the one, and not the other: which distinction in the original we may preserve by this translation, I ascend unto the Father of me, and Father of you; first of me, and then of you: not therefore his, because ours; but therefore ours, because his. So far we are the sons of God, as we are like unto him; and our similitude unto God consisteth in our conformity to the likeness of his Son. For whom he did Rom. viii. foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the first-born among many brethren. He the first-born, and we sons, as brethren unto him: he appointed Heb. i. 2. heir of all things, and we heirs of God, as joint-heirs with him. Thus God (s) sent forth his Son, that we might receive the adop- Gal.iv.4,5, tion of sons. And because we are sons, God hath sent forth the 6. Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, Abba, Father. By his mission are we adopted, and by his Spirit call we God our Father. So are we no longer servants, but now sons; and if Gal. iv. 7. sons, then heirs of God, but still through Christ. It is true indeed, that both he that sanctified, that is, Christ, and they who Heb. ii. 11. are sanctified, that is, faithful Christians, are all of one, the same Father, the same God; for which cause he is not ashamed to call

29.

them brethren: yet are they (t) not all of him after the same Heb. ii. 10. manner, not the many sons like the Captain of their salvation: but Christ the beloved, the first-born, the only-begotten, the Son

Gal. iii. 26.

2.

after a more peculiar and more excellent manner; the rest with relation unto, and dependence on his sonship; as given unto Isa. viii. 18. him; Behold I, and the children which God hath given me : as Heb. ii. 13. being so by faith in him; For we are all the children of God by faith John i. 12. in Christ Jesus: as receiving the right of sonship from him ; For as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God. (u) Among all the sons of God there is none like to that one Son of God. And if there be so great a disparity in the filiation, we must make as great a difference in the correspondent relation. There is one degree of sonship founded on creation, and that is the lowest, as belonging unto all, both good and bad: another degree above that there is grounded upon regeneration, or adoption, belonging only to the truly faithful in this life and a third above the rest founded on the resurrection, or collation of the eternal inheritance, and the similitude of God, 1 John iii. appertaining to the saints alone in the world to come: For we are now the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be; but we know that when he shall appear, we shall be like him. And there is yet another degree of filiation, of a greater eminency and a different nature, appertaining properly to none of these, but to the true Son of God alone, who amongst all his Rom. viii. brethren hath only received the title of his (v) own Son, and a Matt.iii. 17. singular testimony from Heaven, This is my beloved Son, (w) even in the presence of John the Baptist, even in the midst of Moses and Elias, (who are certainly the sons of God by all the other three degrees of filiation,) and therefore hath called God John v. 18. after a peculiar way his own Father. And so at last we come πατέρα unto the most singular and eminent paternal relation, unto the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which is blessed for evermore, the Father of him, and of us, but not the Father of us as (x) of him. Christ hath taught us to say, Our Father: a form of speech which he never used himself; sometimes he calls him the Father; sometimes my Father, sometimes your, but never our: he makes no such conjunction of us to himself, as to make no distinction between us and himself; so conjoining us as to distinguish, though so distinguishing as not to separate us.

32.

& xvii. 5.

ἴδιον ἔλεγε τὸν Θεὸν, as Rom.

viii. 32.

ὅς γε τοῦ ἰδίου υἱοῦ

ouk ¿pel

σατο.

2 Cor. xi.

31.

Indeed I conceive this, as the most eminent notion of God's Paternity, so to be the original and proper explication of this