Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy

الغلاف الأمامي
Elsevier Health Sciences, 27‏/05‏/2009 - 616 من الصفحات
This encyclopedic reference work on pharmacognosy covers the study of those natural substances, principally plants, that find a use in medicine. Its popularity and longevity stem from the book's balance between classical (crude and powdered drugs' characterization and examination) and modern (phytochemistry and pharmacology) aspects of this branch of science, as well as the editor's recognition in recent years of the growing importance of complementary medicines, including herbal, homeopathic and aromatherapy.
  • No other book provides such a wealth of detail.
  • A reservoir of knowledge in a field where there is a resurgence of interest - plants as a source of drugs are of growing interest both in complementary medicine fields and in the pharmaceutical industry in their search for new 'lead compounds'.
  • Dr Evans has been associated with the book for over 20 years and is a recognised authority in all parts of the world where pharmacognosy is studied, his knowledge and grasp of the subject matter is unique.
  • Meticulously referenced and kept up to date by the editor, new contributors brought in to cover new areas.
  • New chapter on 'Neuroceuticals'.
  • Addition of many new compounds recently added to British Pharmacopoeia as a result of European harmonisation.
  • Considers development in legal control and standardisation of plant materials previously regarded as 'herbal medicines'.
  • More on the study of safety and efficacy of Chinese and Asian drugs.
  • Quality control issues updated in line with latest guidelines (BP 2007).
 

المحتوى

Tansy
Sandalwood oil
RESINS GUMRESINS AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Jalap
Brazilian Jalap Rhizome
VOLATILE OILS IN AROMATHERAPY
BIOGENESIS OF STEROIDAL SAPONINS
NATURAL STEROIDS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS

GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCES
THALLOPHYTES
BACTERIA AND ALGAE
FUNGI
LICHENS
BRYOPHYTES AND PTERIDOPHYTES
PTERIDOPHYTA
GYMNOSPERMS
DICOTYLEDONS
SUBCLASS ARCHICHLAMYDEAE
SUBCLASS SYMPETALAE
PLANTAGINALES
CAMPANULALES
MONOCOTYLEDONS
ANIMAL PRODUCTS
DRUGS ACTING ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE HEART CIRCULATION AND BLOOD
ACTION ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
THE NASAL AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
THE LIVER
THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES
ACTION ON SUGAR METABOLISM
STEROIDS AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS
TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASES
TREATMENT OF ALLERGIES
VITAMINS
WHAT IS SYNERGY?
MEASURING SYNERGY
DEMONSTRATING SYNERGY AND POLYVALENT ACTION IN PHYTOMEDICINES
ENHANCEMENT OR REDUCTION OF ABSORPTION OR BIOAVAILABILITY
EXAMPLES OF SYNERGY POLYVALENT ACTION OR ANTAGONISM IN HERBAL MEDICINES
NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR LOOKING AT SYNERGY AND OTHER INTERACTIONS
CONCLUSION
Acknowledgement
DEFINITION
HISTORICAL DIMENSION
THE PROCESS OF MODERN DRUG DISCOVERY USING ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
SOME MODERN EXAMPLES OF DRUG DISCOVERY BASED ON THE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH
THE VALUE OF THE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH
PROBLEMS WITH THE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH
CONCLUSION
BIOLOGICAL ASSAYS AND HIGHTHROUGHPUT SCREENING
SAMPLE AVAILABILITY FOR HIGHTHROUGHPUT SCREENING
SELECTING SAMPLES FOR SCREENING
PROCESS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PLANTS FOR TARGETED SETS
SAMPLE PREPARATION
DEREPLICATION AND ISOLATION OF ACTIVE COMPONENTS
AN EXAMPLE OF THE SUCCESS OF HIGHTHROUGHPUT SCREENING OF PLANTS FOR NEW LEAD COMPOUNDS
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
CURRENT ASPECTS
CHANGING DEMANDS
THE FUTURE
SOURCE MATERIALS
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
CULTIVATED AND WILD PLANTS
COLLECTION
DRYING
STORAGE
EUROPEAN REGULATIONS
AUXINS
GIBBERELLINS
CYTOKININS
GROWTH INHIBITORS
ETHYLENE
INDUSTRIAL SIGNIFICANCE
CULTIVATION OF PLANT CELLS
PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES
INDUCED SECONDARY METABOLISM IN CELL CULTURES
BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSIONS BY PLANT CELL CULTURES
IMMOBILIZED PLANT CELLS
ORGAN CULTURE
CLONAL PROPAGATION
CHEMICAL RACES CHEMOTYPES CHEMODEMES
CHANGES IN CHROMOSOME NUMBER
ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTION OF MUTATIONS
HYBRIDIZATION
TRANSGENIC MEDICINAL PLANTS
PRIMARY FACTORS
MOULD AND BACTERIAL ATTACK
COLEOPTERA OR BEETLES
LEPIDOPTERA
ARACHNIDA
CONTROL OF INFESTATION
SPOILAGE BY RODENTS
STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO CRUDE DRUGS
STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO VOLATILE AND FIXED OILS
ASSAYS
EXTRACTION OF PLANT MATERIAL
SEPARATION AND ISOLATION OF CONSTITUENTS
CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOLATED COMPOUNDS
BIOGENETIC INVESTIGATIONS
ENZYMES
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CARBOHYDRATE UTILIZATION
GLYCOSIDES
FATS AND FATTY ACIDS
AROMATIC BIOSYNTHESIS
AMINO ACIDS
PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS
ISOPRENOID COMPOUNDS
SECONDARY METABOLITES
MONOBASIC ACIDS
DIBASIC AND TRIBASIC ACIDS
ALCOHOLS
ESTERS
DRUGS CONTAINING ACIDS ALCOHOLS AND ESTERS
PHARMACEUTICAL FIXED OILS AND FATS
WAXES
SUGARS SACCHARIDES
COMMERCIAL PLANTDERIVED FIBRES AND PRODUCTS
REGENERATED CARBOHYDRATE MATERIAL AND CHEMICALLY MODIFIED FIBRES
STARCHES
FRUCTANS
ALGAL GELLING AGENTS
GUMS AND MUCILAGES
MISCELLANEOUS CARBOHYDRATECONTAINING DRUGS
MEADOWSWEET
Oil of wintergreen
WILLOW BARK
Black haw bark
Kamala
Tar Pix Liquida
COAL TAR
VANILLA AND VANILLIN
BEARBERRY LEAVES
Propolis or bee glue
CAPSICUM
Hydrolysable tannins
Condensed tannins proanthocyanidins
Complex tannins
GALLS AND TANNIC ACID
HAMAMELIS LEAF
TORMENTIL
HAWTHORN
AGRIMONY
ALCHEMILLA
RHATANY
Pomegranate rind
Aspidosperma barks
Kinos
Croton lechleri
MELILOT
Tonco seed
Celery fruit Apium Apii Fructus
ANTHRAQUINONES AND GLYCOSIDES
NAPHTHOQUINONES AND GLYCOSIDES
CHROMONES AND XANTHONES
ANTHOCYANIDINS AND GLYCOSIDES
STILBENES
LIGNANS AND LIGNIN
Production and uses of volatile oils
Composition of volatile oils
Preparation of volatile oils
PEPPERMINT LEAF AND PEPPERMINT OIL
OIL OF PEPPERMINT
DEMENTHOLIZED MINT OIL BP
THREELOBED SAGE LEAF
SAGE OIL
ROSEMARY LEAF
LEMON BALM
THYME
THYME OIL
WILD THYME
OREGANO
LAVENDER OIL
CARAWAY FRUIT
DILL AND DILL OIL
CORIANDER AND CORIANDER OIL
ANISEED AND ANISEED OIL
STAR ANISE FRUIT AND OIL
BITTER FENNEL AND SWEET FENNEL
TURPENTINE OIL
PINUS PINASTER TYPE TURPENTINE OIL
Canada turpentine
Pumilio pine oil
Savin tops
Oil of cade
JUNIPER BERRIES AND OIL
Oil of Juniper BPEP
BITTER ORANGE PEEL
Sweet orange peel
Terpeneless orange oil
LEMON PEEL
LEMON OILS
Terpeneless lemon oil
Buchu leaf
NUTMEG AND NUTMEG OIL
NUTMEG OIL
Calamus
CINNAMON OIL
CEYLON CINNAMON LEAF OIL
Cassia Chinese cinnamon or cassia lignea
Canella bark
Oil of Cajuput
Pimento or allspice
CLOVE AND CLOVE OIL
Clove oil
EUCALYPTUS LEAF
EUCALYPTUS OIL
Grains of paradise
CHAMOMILE FLOWERS
MATRICARIA OIL
YARROW
LOVAGE
FENUGREEK
BUTCHERS BROOM
ELEUTHEROCOCCUS
PRIMULA ROOT
QUILLAIA BARK
SENEGA ROOT
EUROPEAN GOLDENROD
GOLDENROD
IVY
CARDIOACTIVE DRUGS
CARDENOLIDES
BUFADIENOLIDES
OTHER STEROIDS
IRIDOIDS
GENTIAN
CENTAURY
BOGBEAN LEAF
PLANTAIN
VALERIAN ROOT
SESQUITERPENE LACTONES
ARNICA FLOWERS
FEVERFEW
Chicory
Fish berries
Orris
Santonica flowers
Artemisinin
DITERPENOIDS
SESTERTERPENES
TETRATERPENESCAROTENOIDS
POLYTERPENOIDS
CYANOGENETIC GLYCOSIDES
GLUCOSINOLATE COMPOUNDS
CYSTEINE DERIVATIVES
GARLIC
MISCELLANEOUS GLYCOSIDES
Antibiotic glycosides
Nucleosides or nucleic acids
HISTORY
DISTRIBUTION
PROPERTIES
STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION
The nitrogen of alkaloids
Tests for alkaloids
EXTRACTION OF ALKALOIDS
Cell tissue and organ culture
FUNCTIONS OF ALKALOIDS IN PLANTS
TROPANE ALKALOIDS
PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS
LYSINEDERIVED ALKALOIDS
PROTOALKALOIDS
BENZYLISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES
TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE MONOTERPENOID ALKALOIDS AND GLYCOSIDES
AMARYLLIDACEAE ALKALOIDS
Colchicum seed and corm Colchicine
Colchicine
ERGOT AND ERGOT ALKALOIDS
Calabar bean and physostigmine
Nux vomica
Gelsemium
Rauwolfia Rauvolfia
African Rauwolfia African Rauvolfia
Alstonia barks
Yohimbe bark
Catharanthus roseus
Uncaria species
CINCHONA
General characters
MISCELLANEOUS ALKALOIDS
IMIDAZOLE ALKALOIDS
PURINE ALKALOIDS
REDUCED PYRIDINE ALKALOIDS
Areca nut
TERPENOID ALKALOIDS
STEROIDAL ALKALOIDS
PLANTS IN CANCER TREATMENT
METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
ESTABLISHED NATURAL PRODUCTS AS TUMOUR INHIBITORS
NEW NATURAL PRODUCTS WITH ANTITUMOUR ACTIVITY
PLANTS CONTAINING ANTICANCER AGENTS IN CURRENT USE
DISEASES CAUSED BY PROTOZOA
METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
MODES OF ACTION OF NATURAL ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS
EXAMPLES OF ANTIPROTOZOAL NATURAL PRODUCTS
CONCLUSIONS
PLANTS IN THE TREATMENT OF LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT DISEASES
PLANTS WITH ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC ACTIVITY
ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS
ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
VITAMINS
FATSOLUBLE VITAMINS
CODLIVER OIL
WATERSOLUBLE VITAMINS
DOG ROSE ROSE HIPS
HORMONES
Carotenoids
γLinolenic acid
Policosanoloctacosanol
Resveratrol
Sterolsstanols
Theanine
GSPE
Pycnogenol
Soy isoflavones
Tea catechins
Cocoachocolate
Cranberry
Flaxseed
Olives
Pomegranate
Coenzyme Q10
Melatonin
MSM
Synergistic effects
Quality of commercially available products
Conclusions
COLOURING AGENTS
FLAVOURING AGENTS
KIESELGUHR OR DIATOMITE
PREPARED CHALK
GELATIN
FISH BODY OILS
SILK
WOOL ANIMAL WOOL SHEEPS WOOL
SHELLAC LAC
REGULATORY BACKGROUND
INDUSTRY STANDARDS
THE HERBAL PRACTITIONER
HISTORY OF ASIAN MEDICINE SYSTEMS
COMMON TERMS AND CONCEPTS USED IN AYURVEDA
PRINCIPLES OF AYURVEDA
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
THERAPEUTIC PRINCIPLES
CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE IN WESTERN PRACTICE
EVIDENCE OF EFFICACY
QUALITY OF CHINESE HERBS IN WESTERN MARKETS
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE PRACTITIONERS AND THEIR TECHNIQUES
RESEARCH INTO AFRICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS
TRADE IN MEDICINAL PLANTS IN AFRICA
THE AFRICAN PHARMACOPOEIA
CONCLUSION
FUNGI
LYSERGIC ACID DERIVATIVES
PEYOTE
INDIAN HEMP
Hemp products
TERATOGENS OF HIGHER PLANTS
OTHER TOXIC PLANTS
ACARICIDES
INSECTICIDES
RODENTICIDES
MOLLUSCICIDES
LEAVES AND TOPS HERBS
BARKS
WOODS
LEAVES OR LEAFLETS
INFLORESCENCES AND FLOWERS
FRUITS
SEEDS
SUBTERRANEAN ORGANS
UNORGANIZED DRUGS
THE CELL WALL
PARENCHYMATOUS TISSUE
THE EPIDERMIS
EPIDERMAL TRICHOMES
THE ENDODERMIS
CORK TISSUE
COLLENCHYMA
SCLEREIDS
FIBRES
XYLEM
PHLOEM
SECRETORY TISSUES
ERGASTIC CELL CONTENTS
Mountants for specimens
THE MICROSCOPE
PREPARATION OF DRUGS FOR MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION AND GENERAL USE OF REAGENTS
POWDERED DRUGS
QUANTITATIVE MICROSCOPY
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
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P
Q
R
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T
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X
Y
Z
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