following up his rich promises of grace, in return for Israel's repeated ingratitude and rebellion. But grace shall triumph. For, saith the Lord, from trouble, like that of Achan, I will raise up comfort to my people : when, from the sorrows induced by sin, under the quickening convictions for sin, and the exercises wrought in the soul, by the power of the Holy Ghost; I will bring my people into the blessed consolations of deliverance by Christ. And I will give her her vineyards from thence; and the valley of Achor for a door of hope: and she shall sing there as in the days of her youth, and as in the day when she came up out of the land of Egypt, Isaiah lxv. 10.

ADAM.

The first man. The name implies the earth, from whence he was formed, which signifies red. It is worthy remark that Christ is also called Adam, 1 Cor. xv. 45. And if we compare what the apostle saith of Christ, Coloss. i. 15, with what is said of Adam, at the creation of the world, Gen. i. 26, it serves to explain in what sense we are to limit the expression concerning him, who was formed from the earth as the first man. In that scripture of the apostle, when speaking of Christ, he is called, the Image of the invisible God, the first born of every creature. Hence we infer, that though the first Adam was indeed the first man as manifested openly; yet the second Adam, so called, even the Lord from heaven, had a pre-existence in the secret purpose of God, and stood up the Great Head of his body the Church, in the counsels of the divine mind, the Wisdom of God, from all eternity. Indeed from this Wisdom of God, this Pattern, the first earthly man was formed. For so the charter of grace, at the creation expressed it,-Let us make man in our image, after our likeness, Gen. i. 26; Col. iii. 10. And if Christ was, and is, as the apostle was commissioned to tell the church, the Image of the invisible God, the first born of every creature, nothing can be plainer then that the first Adam, so called, because indeed he was the first man

openly, was created in the image and likeness of Him, who alone can be said to be the Image of the invisible God, and in his human nature, the first born of every creature. See Psalm 1xxxix. 19,27. Prov. viii. 22-31, Micah v. 2.

ADAR.

The twelfth month among the Hebrews. See Month. ADDER.

One of the names figuratively given to the Devil. Hence, when the Lord Jesus Christ is said to bruise Satan, it is described under the similitude of treading on "the Lion and the Adder, Psalm xci. 13. Hence also, as sin is of the devil, the infusion of it into our nature, at the fall, is called in scripture, Adder's poison, Psalm cxl. 3. See also Gen. xlix. 17. Prov. xxiii, 32.

ADJURE.

This word in seripture language is much more striking and significant than is generally considered. It contains not only the nature of a command, when used by a person in authority, that the adjured party shall answer to the question proposed, but it goes further; to bind the person adjured under a fearful curse if aught be concealed, or kept back in his mind, whereby a discovery which is needed be hindered and prevented. Thus Joshua concerning Jericho, Joshua vi. 26. Ahab to Micaiah, 1 Kings 22, 16. And still higher than both, when Christ was adjured by the High Priest, Matt. xxvi. 63.

The law of adjuration appears to be founded in the divine authority. Thus we read, Levit. v. 1. If a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing, and is a witness, whether he hath seen or known of it, if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity. It should seem from hence, that the concealment of any iniquity, made the party concealing a joint partaker of it, in the sight of God. To the same purport is that passage in the Proverbs, chap. xxix. 24. Whoso is partner with a thief,

haleth his own soul: he heareth cursing and hewrayeth it not. Those views of concealment, according to the law of Moses, serve to explain to us the nature of adjuration; and throw a light upon the conduct of our Lord, in that unequalled moment of his meek and humble demeanour, when he stood before the High Priest. I adjure thee (said the High Priest) by the living God that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ the Son of God. And while the reader thus observes the law of adjuration, so faithfully fulfilled by Christ, I hope he will never lose sight of the Lord Jesus Christ's answer. Thou sayest that I am. Oh! precious testimony of Jesus, and from Jesus himself. Here was indeed a good confession, 1 Tim. vi. 13.

ADMIRE.-ADMIRATION.

In scripture language, somewhat more is meant by those words than we annex to them, in our ordinary discourse. It is said, concerning the Centurion's faith, Matt. viii. 10, that Jesus marvelled at it. But if this be supposed to imply any surprise wrought on the mind of Christ, this would be a mistake, and a perversion of language. We may apply the words of the Lord upon another occasion, and say, because it is marvellous in the eyes of the remnant of this people, should it be also marvellous in mine eyes, saith the Lord of hosts? Zech. viii. 6. The Hebrew word, in this instance, is the same as that given of Christ, by the prophet Isaiah, ix. 6, when he calls him, Wonderful. Hence, in like manner, the Lord is said to shew his marvellous loving kindness, Psalm xvii. 7. So that it is marvellous, and it is to the admiration of his people, and of all that look on, when the Lord, by his grace, distinguisheth them from others. They are men wondered at, Zech. iii. 8. In this sense, the Lord Jesus admired and praised, it may be said, by the notice he took of it, the faith of the Centurion, and the faith of the woman of Canaan, Matt. xv. 28.

ADONAI.

This is one of the names peculiarly applied to the

Person of the Lord Jesus Christ. By way of distinguishing it from Jehovah, it is rendered Lord in our English Bibles, in smaller letters, while Jehovah, which is also translated Lord, is in capitals. The reader will find a striking proof of it, Psalin cx. 1. The LORD said unto my Lord. The words in the original are, Jehovah said unto my Adonai. It is a sweet and interesting name of the Lord Jesus. It carries with it the idea of a stay, or helper, security, confidence.

ADONI-BEZEK.

The lord of Bezek. Judges i. 4, 5.

ADONI-JAH.

The fourth son of David. His name forms a wonderful compound of two glorious names of the Lord. So very earnest were the children of Israel to preserve the constant remembrance of the Lord God of their fathers, in their families. 1 Kings i. 5.

ADONI-ZEDEK.

The lord of Zedek: supposed to have been one of the ancient names of Jerusalem; and which is said to have had four, Salem, Jabus, Zedek, (or Justice) and Jerusalem. See Joshua x. 1.

ADOPTION.

This forms a most interesting word in scripture, in the use that is made of it in allusion to the state of adoptien and grace, into which true believers are received by their union with Christ. They are said to be predestinated to the adoption of children, Ephes. i. 5. And the purpose for which Christ is said to be made of woman, made under the law, to redeem them that were under the law was, that they might receive the adoption of sons, Gal. iv. 4, 5.

The word adoption is borrowed from a custom weli

known among the Romans, under whose government Judea became a province, who adopted the children of strangers, and acknowledged them for their own, when they themselves were childless. But though the term is applied to believers, from being openly adopted and acknowledged in the family of Christ, yet strictly and properly speaking, this is not done, because they were not of the family of Christ before; for in fact they always were; but it is done in a way of publicly confessing and acknowledging it. The Holy Ghost by the apostle is express to this purpose, when he saith, And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, whereby ye cry Abba, Father! Gal. iv. 6. And all the scriptures are express to confirm this most unquestionable truth, Isaiah xliv. 3. Isaiah lix. 21. Ezek. xxxvii. 5-14. Zech. xii. 10. It is most blessed, when we consider the privileges of adoption, and know in ourselves that we are made, through grace, the happy partakers of it. By adoption, the children of God in Christ are brought out of the spirit of bondage into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. They are translated from the kingdom of darkness into the kingdom of God's dear Son. Hence they are regenerated, illuminated, justified, sanctified, and made partakers of grace here, to be made partakers of glory hereafter. Sweetly the Spirit witnesseth to their spirits, that they are the children of God. And if children, saith the apostle, then heirs ; heirs of God, and joint heirs with Christ; if so be that we suffer with him, that we may be also glorified together. Rom. viii. 16, 17.

ADORE.-ADORATION.

By the act of adoration is implied the full and most absolute acknowledgment of worship; and of consequence, such can only be suitable or proper to offer exclusively to Almighty God. Jehovah, in his Trinity of Persons, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, can be the only object of adoration; and this, through the glorious Mediator,