and fpiritual; because they were but young and tender (e), and had not that measure and abundance of the Spirit which he had beftowed upon his people now under the gospel *.

Ant. And Sir, do you think that these Israelites at this time did fee Chrift and falvation by him in these types and fhadows?

Evan. Yea there is no doubt but Mofes and the reft of the believers among the Jews did fee Chrift in them, for faith godly + Tindal, though all the facrifices and ceremonies had a ftar-light of Chrift, yet fome of them had the light of the broad day a little before the funrifing; and did exprefs him, with the circumstances and virtue of his death, fo plainly, as if his paffion had been acted upon a fcaffold; infomuch, faith he, that I am fully perfuaded, and cannot but believe, that God had fhewed Mofes the fecrets of Chrift, and the very manner of his death aforehand: and therefore, no doubt but that they offered their facrifices by faith in the Meffiah, as the apostle teftifieth of Abel, Heb. xi. 4. I fay there is no queftion but every fpiritual believing Jew, when he brought his facrifice to be offered, and, according to the Lord's command, laid his hands upon it, Lev. i. 4. whilft it was yet alive; he did from his heart acknowledge that he himself had deferved to diet, but by the mercy of God he was faved (f), and his defert laid upon the beaft (g) and as the beaft was to die, and be offered in facrifice for him, fo did he believe that the Meffiah fhould come and die for him; upon whom he put his hands, that is, laid all his iniquities by the hand of faith (b).

* Bolton's true bounds, page 259. to Levit. Babing, on the text.

(e) The church was in her minority under the law, Gal. iv. 2, 3.

(f) From the death he he had deferved by his fin, (g) Typically.

:

that

+ In his preface

that as Beza on Job i. faith, the facrifices were to them holy myfteries, in which, as in certain glaffes, they did both fee themfelves to their own condemnation be fore God (i); and alfo beheld the mercy of God in the promifed Meffiah, in time to be exhibited; and and therefore, faith Calvin, inftit. p. 239. the facrifices and fatisfactory offerings were called Afhemoth, which word properly fignified fin itself, to fhew that Jefus Chrift was to come and peform a perfect expiation, by giving his own foul to be in Asham, that is, a fatisfactory oblation.

Wherefore you may affure yourself, that as Christ was always fet before the fathers in the Old Teftament to whom they might direct their faith; and as God never put them in hope of any grace or mercy, nor never fhewedhimself good unto them without Chrift(k) even fo the godly in the Old Testament knew Christ, by whom they did enjoy these promifes of God, and were joined to him (). And indeed, the promise of falvation never stood firm till it came to Chrift (m). And there was their comfort in all their troubles and diftreffes, according as it is faid of Mofes, Heb, xi. 26, 27. He endured as feeing him who is invifible (n),

"vi. 2. which typified evan"gelical faith." Henry on Lev. i. 4. 'Tis evident, that the offerer, by laying his hand on the head of the facrifice, did legally unite with it; laid his fin, or tranfferred his guilt upon it, in a typical and ceremonial way, Lev. xvi. 21. the fubftance and truth of which ceremonial action plainly appears to be faith, or believing on Jefus Chrift; which is the foul's affenting for its own part, to and acquiefcing in the glorious device of the Lord's laying on him the iniquities of us all, Ifa,li

6.

(i) i. e. They faw themfelves, as in themselves condemned by the holy law.

(k) That is, As an abfolute God out of Christ, but always as a God in Chrift.

(7) To Chrift, by faith. (m) It food, at first, on man's own obedience; which ground quickly failed: then it came to Chrift, where it ftood firm, Gen. iii. 15. 'It (namely, the feed of the woman) fhall bruise thy head,' to wit, the ferpent's head..

Chap. II. (n), efteeming the reproach of Chrift greater riches than the treasures of Egypt, he had respect to the recompence of reward.' And fo, (as Ignatius faith*) the prophets were Chrift's fervants, who, foreseeing him in Spirit, both waited for him as their mafter, and looked for him and their Lord as Saviour, faying, 'He shall come and fave us.'

And fo faith Calvin, (Inst. p. 207.) So oft as the prophets fpeak of the bleffednefs of the faithful, the perfect image that they have painted thereof was fuch as might ravish mens minds out of the earth,and of neceffi.ty raise them up to the confideration of the felicity of the life to come; fo that we may affuredlyconclude with Luther, that all the fathers, prophets, and holy kings were righteous and faved by faith in Chrift to come; and fo indeed, as Calvin faith, (Inftit. p. 198.) were partakers of all one falvation with us.

Ant. But, Sir, the fcripture feems to hold forth as though they were faved one way, and we another way; for you know the prophet Jeremiah makes mention of a twofold covenant; therefore it is fomewhat ftrange to me, that they fhould be partakers of one way of falvation with us.

Evan. Indeed it is true, the Lord did bequeath unto the fathers righteoufnefs, life and eternal falvation, in and through Chrift the mediator, being not yet come in the fleth, but promifed: and unto us in the New Teftament, he gives and bequeaths them to us in and through Chrift, being already come, and having actually purchafed them for us + and the covenant of grace was, before the coming of Chrift, fealed by his blood in types and figures: and at his death in his fleth (0), it was fealed, and ratified by his very blood, actually and in very deed fhed for

our fins. And the old covenant, in refpect of the outward form and manner of fealing, was temporary and changeable; and therefore the types ceafed, and only the fubftance remains firm: but the feals of the new are unchangeable, being commemorative, and fhall fhew the Lord's death until his coming again. And their covenant did firft and chiefly promise earthly bleffings (p); and in and under thefe it did fignify and promife all fpiritual bleffings and falvation; but our covenant promifeth Chrift and his bleffings in the first place, and after them earthly bleffings.

Thefe and fome other circumftantial differences in regard of adminiftration, there was betwixt their way of falvation or covenant of grace and ours; which moved the author to the Hebrews, Heb. viii. 8. to call theirs old,and ours new; but in regard of fubftance they were all one and the very fame (q); for in all covenants this is a certain rule, "If the fubject matter, "the fruit and the conditions, be the fame, then is "the covenant the fame :" but in these covenants Jefus Chrift is the fubject-matter of both, falvation the fruit of both, and faith the condition (r) of both there

|| Urfin. cat. page 129.

(p) Chiefly; in fo far as in that difpenfation of the, covenant of grace, the promifes of earthly bleflings were chiefly infifted on; and thepromifes of fpiritualbleffings and falvation more fparingly.

(9) There are not there"foretwo covenants of grace differing in fubftance; but "one and the fame under va"rious difpenfations."Weftmin. Confef. chap. 7. art. 6. And their covenant of grace, confirmed by the sprinkling of blood, Exod. xxiv. Heb. ix, 19, 20. (the which cove

nant they brake, by their unbelief fruftrating the manner in which it was adminiftred to them) was given to them when the Lord had led them out of Egypt,and at Sinaitoo,as wellas the ten commands delivered to them, as the covenant of works. This is evident from Exod. xx. 1, --17. compared with Deut. v. 2,---22. and Exod. xx. 20, 21. compared with chap. xxiv. 3,---8. See page. 76. Note (a).

(r) Not in a ftrict and proper fenfe, as that, upon the performance of which the

right

6

Chap. II therefore I fay, though they be called two, yet they are but one: the which is confirmed by two faithful witneffes. The one is the apostle Peter, who Taith, Acts xv. 11. We believe, that through the grace of ⚫our Lord Jefus Chrift, we shall be faved even as they :* meaning the fathers in the Old Teftament, as is evident in the verfe next before, The other is the apostle Paul, who faith, Gal. iii. 6, 7. Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteouf'nefs; know ye.therefore that they which are of faith, the fame are the children of Abraham: by which teftimony, faith Luther on the Galatians, p.116. we may fee that the faith of our fathers in the Old Teftament, and ours in the New, is all one in fubftance.

Ant. But could they, that lived fo long before Christ, apprehend his righteoufnefs by faith for their juftification and falvation?

Evan. Yea indeed; for as Mr. Forbes on juftification, p. 90. truly faith, it is as eafy for faith to apprehend righteoufnefs to come, as it is to apprehend righteousness that is paft: wherefore as Chrift's birth, obedience and death, were in the Old Teftament as effectual to fave finners, as now they are *; fo all the faithful forefathers, from the beginning, did partake of the fame grace with us, by believing in the fame Jefus Chrift; and fo were juftified by his righteousness, and faved eternally by faith in him. It was by virtue