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however recovered. The following is a statement of the quantities of certain grains, delivered at tide-water of the Hudson, from the canals, at New-Orleans from the Mississippi, and shipped eastward on the Pennsylvania works, from Pittsburgh:

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Notwithstanding this increase on the Hudson at the date of closing the canals, the stock in New-York was not over 400,000 barrels-100,000 was sold, waiting freight; leaving as a stock but 300,000 bbls. against 450,000 barrels last year. The increase is, of all kinds, reducing the flour to its equivalent number of bushels, equal to 12,090,696 bushels; a considerable supply, but not equal to the increased consumption of grain in England, which, as seen, is equal to 27,391,545 bushels, and of flour and meal equal to 7,500,000 bushels more. If we admit that one-half the wants of England this year have arisen from short crops, then we have 16,000,000 bushels, as a demand created by the enhanced consumption of her people; a demand not temporary, as arising from one unfavorable season, but active and permanent, as based upon an improved condition of the people. The causes which have led to this enhanced consumption are in full activity, and will so continue at least through another year, and then the total repeal of the corn laws takes effect, imparting a renewed stimulus to the foreign demand. In view of these things, it evinces want of reflection and superficial observation, to regard the enhanced exports of bread-stuffs, at this time, as the mere influence of alledged short crops; and it is an error to attempt to treat it, therefore, as a mere temporary matter, not to be met by reciprocal liberality on the part of the United States. It is the moment, above all others, for the farmers of North America to secure England as a customer ever more, by taking her goods in payment of the produce she wants. With free trade in corn, and no restriction on the means of payment, other than those that simple revenue purposes require, the trade must be secured to the United States, in spite of all the efforts of Europe, and American shipping will transport it. England imported last year, as we have stated, 27,000,000 bushels of grain, a quantity that requires 960,000 tons of shipping, or one voyage out for all the registered tonnage owned by the United States. Is or is not that an item of trade important to the shipping interest, ship-builders, iron-mongers, cordage and sail-makers, riggers, hemp-growers, stevedores, and sailors? To rail-roads, canals, and founderies? Is it a trade to be thrown away, in order to enhance the dividends of machine-factory owners?

A vast business is about to fall into the hands of the farmers and ship-owners. The great lines of public works, that have been constructed throughout the Union, at such cost of money and honor, are about to become useful. Their outlets are to be unsealed, and the ample market of Europe receive the produce at high prices, which else would accumulate in the seaports, unsaleable at low prices. The value of every farm in the western country is about to be enhanced, because its products will command remunerative money prices to almost any extent. This produce must be paid for by the English in the products of their industry, and those products must be admitted into the United States on reasonable terms. The new tariff permits their introduction on terms better than the last. It is, however, a work of time to build up a market. United States provisions-beef, pork, cheese, and butter, have been admitted into England since 1842; but the lapse of three years has scarcely sufficed to regulate the market. The manner of preparing, packing, transporting, selling and all the peculiar details and business relations of a new trade are difficult to acquire when any new trade is opened; it is a new business to every one; it is a matter without precedent, and only the boldest, most intelligent and enterprising merchants embark in it. These have to encounter all the vicissitudes that attend inexperience, and necessarily the trade is slow of growth. When once established, it is not easily shaken. Young men grow old in its prosecution, and their successors continue as a matter of course.

For more than thirty years there has been but little trade in agricultural produce between England and the United States. In 1842, it recommenced, and has already become large, a fact which evinces in a wonderful manner the enterprise of American merchants. The corn trade is now growing,-not yet consolidated, and is to become of vast importance; it requires only, however, that the federal government should support it by removing restrictions in the way of returns. Where much is sold in England, much is to be remitted to the United States, and England is rich in products of first necessity to the growers of that produce. When, however, the federal government stands with an official wand, and interdicts the entry of those articles which alone constitute the purchasing power of England, those who embark in the growing export trade have double difficulties to encounter; as, for instance, if trade is free on both sides, its own laws will so regulate intercourse that the imports must always very nearly equal the real value of exports, and the fact will be indicated by the exchanges only which operate thus. All those who send produce, whether cotton, corn, lard, cheese, tobacco, or what article soever, to England, for sale, have a bill of exchange to dispose of equal in amount, not to the export value of their shipment, as expressed in the official tables of the government, but for the amount of what the articles actually sell to the consumers in England. On the other hand, those who import goods from England have to buy a bill equal, not to the amount of imports, as appears in the government tables, but for the actual sum which they pay in England for goods, when the currency is a specie one, and trade free. These two items, viz., the demand of the importer for bills, and their supply by exporters, will always equal each other very nearly. If a difference arises, a movement of specie either way restores the balance, and exchanges remain at par. When, however, the government interferes to prevent imports, it also destroys the demand for bills, and the shipper of produce cannot sell to advantage, frequently not at all, until its prices falls so low as to make it an object for a banking house to buy it, and import the specie. This amount of specie is looked upon favorably, when, in fact, it is only an indication of great loss to farmers and shippers of produce. When the market is healthy, sterling bills should bring $4,90 per £. To import specie, they will not bring more than $4,68 per £. A loss of 22 cents per £. The price of flour in Liverpool being 30s., the shipper of 10,000 barrels will have, say £15,000 to draw for, and on these bills it makes to him a difference of $300, whether he can sell them at par or only at the present rate of 5 per cent. When they go below that rate, the specie is imported to the profit of the banker; and those private banking houses, which are connected in London, can import specie one-quarter per cent. cheaper than others, because they are not subject to commissions and other small charges. It is also the case that the absence of a mint in New-York, causes exchanges to rule probably one-half per cent. less than they otherwise would. This arises from the fact, that while the United States government allows foreign coins, both gold and silver, to be a legal tender, the British government allows only British gold coins to be a legal tender, and silver below a sum of forty shillings sterling. In France, French silver coins only are a legal tender. As the coin in the New-York banks is mostly foreign, it is ready for export, and is money as soon as it arrives out, without recoinage, a process which costs three-quarters per cent. This foreign coin can be exported until bills are over ten and one-quarter per cent. If, however, a branch were established in New-York, and the specie, as soon as imported, turned into American coin, it could not be exported until bills rose to eleven per cent., because it would have to undergo the expense of coinage on its arrival out. The domestic exports of the United States are, say $100,000,000, and this difference of exchange amounts on that sum to $750,00o, per annum, lost to sellers of bills, for want of a mint, or rather a national currency, and unrestricted trade. The filling of the channels of business through the operation of the Independent Treasury, and a mint in New-York, will give a broader foundation to credit operations, and a greater stability to the markets, than could ever grow out of any banking scheme, how great soever may be its capital. The prices of bills are now at a level which admits of the import of specie in quantities sufficient not only to supply the wants of the Independent Treasury, but to fill the channels of business, and lay the foundation of most stable individual credits. It is a manifestation that it should not, at its arrival in New-York, encounter a mint which would convert into a national coin and fit it for passing through the hands of the government into those of the people

NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.

Works of the Puritan Divines. RICHARD BAXTER. Wiley & Putnam, NewYork.

WE have received a volume of this series of valuable and standard works.It contains the life and many of the writings of the above celebrated theologian. As the name and merits of Baxter are probably not so generally known in this country as in England, we shall present the reader with a slight incidental sketch both of his life and doctrines. The remark has often been made, that periods of great political and religious contention are highly favorable to the developement of certain kinds of intellectual power, and we have a confirmation of this in the number of enthusiastic and able preachers of the Gospel, who arose during the fermentation of discontent amongst the people towards the close of the reign of Charles I., and which broke out with such bitter violence under the bold, unscrupulous, and wily direction of Oliver Cromwell. Baxter was eminently fitted by nature and education to meet the religious necessities of the times in which he flourished, and he probably would not have attained one-third of his reputation at any other epoch. There was then much to reform and oppose, and as his mind was peculiarly antagonistic and independent, he had a glorious field for the display of his abilities. The early disadvantages of his education were so great, as to be in themselves a sufficient evidence of his wonderful strength of mind and indomitable perseverance.

He was born in 1615, at Rowton, in Shropshire, and from a loose and rather profligate neighbourhood, he was removed, at 10 years of age, to the house of his father at Eaton Constantine, a village on the banks of the Severn, and placed under the tuition of a curate notorious for drunkenness There, however, he made so little progress, that he was soon transferred to the care of a Mr. Owen, of Wroxeter, where he acquired considerable knowledge of the Latin classics, but scarcely any of Greek. From thence he was put under the superintendance of Mr. Wickstead, the chaplain of the council, at Ludlow, (which is celebrated as the spot where Milton, some two or three years afterwards, wrote his Comus, and Butler the first part of his Hudibras ;) and even here, Baxter's improvement was so tedious as greatly to disappoint the expectations formed by his parents. This was again owing to the tutor's neglect. At the age of 15, the youth returned to his father's house, and then, we are told, his mind was given a decisive bent by his accidentally taking up and poring over Bunny's "Book of Christian Exercise appertaining to Resolution."

From that moment he devoted himself with intense ardor to the study of theology, which he pursued without cessation for years, relying chiefly on himself for instruction. He was appointed chaplain to one of Cromwell's regiments, and effected much good by preaching to the soldiers. He encountered great opposition, however, in various quarters, but this was to be expected, for he was one of the boldest and most original thinkers of his age, and never feared to give utterance to his religious opinions. His reading was immense, and he was thoroughly acquainted with the views of almost every learned divine; but as he never adopted the entire doctrines of any particular writer or sect, and generally preferred his own deductions, seeking the via media in all things, his theology has been most aptly styled eclectic or Baxterian.

Memoirs of the Life of Addison, By MISS AIKIN. 1 vol.
Philadelphia.

Carey & Hart,

This is the fifth number of the "Library for the People," now being issued by the above well known publishers. The fair author, in the treatment of her subject, displays considerable depth of thought and power of language. The work commences most judiciously with a concise biographical sketch of Addison's father, who was a clergyman of some literary ability, and who doubtless exercised a most beneficial influence in the direction of his son's early tastes and

habits. We have then a minute and interesting account of the above celebrated writer's life, with valuable and copious selections from his correspondence, and many entertaining anecdotes. Addison was born in 1672, and was sent at an early age to various and excellent schools, to receive a thorough preliminary education. He was then removed to Queen's College, Oxford, and there he was soon distinguished by the beauty of his Latin verses. This was a most important step towards final success, for it made him friends that he much needed, and enabled him eventually to pass through his collegiate course with eclat. On leaving college he entered the field of literature, made numerous translations, characterised rather by their elegance and beauty than correctness, and wrote some poems, and numerous essays, which won him the distinction of being the most chaste and graceful, if not the most vivacious and imaginative writer that had yet appeared. The object of his prose writings, which were published mostly in the Tatler," and the "Spectator," was to reform the manners of the age by the polished shafts of his wit, which, though they struck hard, were so playful that they never gave offence. Mr. Addison did not, however, in the pursuit of literary fame, entirely neglect his immediate interests, for we are told by Dean Swift, that once, when abandoned by lordly patronage,

he wisely left the muse's hill,

To business shaped the poet's quill-
Let all his barren laurels fade,

Took up himself the courtier's trade,
And, grown a minister of state,

Saw poets on his levee wait."

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It will be perceived from these lines, that he was brought into close connection with some of the most distinguished persons of his day, with respect to whom we have, in this book, many interesting facts. We are aware that Addison's name and, effusions are familiar to most of our readers, but we have said thus much for two simple reasons; first, that we love to dwell upon the productions and history of those who have adorned their age; and secondly, that we think they cannot be recalled too often to the minds of the intelligent.

Views a-Foot By J. BAYARD TAYLOR. Wiley & Putnam's Library of American Books, No. XXIII. Wiley & Putnam, 161 Broadway.

Mr. J. Bayard Taylor, a young poet, whose verses, of a refined and sentimental cast, have been well received by the public, has recently made the tour of Europe, under such peculiar circumstances, that a forthcoming record of his journey, which is announced for immediate publication, will be looked for with interest. Mr. Taylor, smitten with a desire to see the old world, its treasures of the arts, its paintings, architecture, scenery, and people, set out with the intention of making most of his journey on foot, and supporting himself by his own labor, as a printer, by the way. He accomplished his undertaking from the Giant's Causeway to the Eternal City, crossing Alps and Appenines, staff and knapsack in hand, remained in Europe two years, and performed all this, with the acquisition of several modern languages, at an expense of only five hundred dollars. How this was done, and what was done, Mr. Taylor's book will declare. It is accompanied by a general preface from the pen of N. P. Willis, in whose pleasant collection of papers, the Ephemera-if we recollect right, there will be found a characteristic account of Mr. Taylor, with some specimens of his verses, before he set out for Europe, There are thousands in this country who every year ask the question, what the wonders of Europe may be seen for, and who receive all kinds of answers from the ten and twenty thousand dollars per annum expenses of the wealthy merchant to the slender parsimony of the poor artist. Mr. Taylor's answer will be satisfactory. His account of what he saw is as agreeable as his manner of seeing it was new.

Glimpes of the Wonderful. Wiley & Putnam, New-York.

A beautifully bound Christmas Annual, one of the "instructive sort," contains short and attractive accounts of the wonders of nature and art, as they are to be found in all climes and countries, accompanied with numerous illustrations.

Amy Herbert; a Tale by the author of "Gertrude," "Laneton Parsonage," &c. Edited by Rev. W. SEWELL, B. D. Appleton & Co. New-York.

This volume forms the twenty-first number of the "Literary Miscellany," a series of choice books, now being issued by the above named publishers. It is a pleasing, well written story of domestic life, replete with interesting scenes and conversations, and pervaded by a truly amiable and Christian spirit. The principal characters reside in one of the most retired and romantic parts of England, of which we have in this work many faithful and agreeable sketches. We feel great pleasure in recommending this book to the perusal of young persons, upon whose hearts and predilections it cannot fail to produce a most beneficial effect.

The Island Bride, and other Poems. By JAMES P. COLEMAN. William D. Ticknor & Co. Boston.

The first of these poems appears to have been written in imitation of Lord Byron's Childe Harold, though it must be confessed, that the various cantos into which it is divided are interspersed with many noble, brilliant, and original thoughts, expressed in the most glowing and chaste language. The chief deficiency undoubtedly is, that it presents rather the poetic reflections of a mind having no distinct object in view, than those comprehensive touches, which, though beautiful in themselves, are made to subserve the general effect. Were we asked to characterise this work, we should style it a poem on matters and things in general. The disjointed fragments of which it is composed, are, however, of a high order, and will be perused with pleasure by the reader of cultivated and refined taste.The other portions of the collection are entitled, "Summer Musings," "Lines, suggested at the White Mountains," "Elegy on a King Charles, drowned at the sea shore," "Mater Dolorosa," &c. which also display considerable poetic genius.

Beauties of French History, and Beauties of English History. Harper & Brothers.

Here are two small volumes, edited by G. J. Frost, LL. D., author of the Pictorial History of the United States. Each book comprises, in a short and graphic sketch, the leading events which have marked the progress of the two great nations respectively of which they treat. Of France we have drawn out in review the prominent points of history from the ancient Gauls to Louis XVI. including anecdotes of Napoleon. Of England, they treat of events beginning with the Druids, and ending with Victoria; and the two form not only a means of convenient reference, but of instruction for the young.

Sisters of Charity. By Mrs. ANNETT DORSEY. Dunigan's Home Library, No.V. 2 vols. C. Dunigan, 151 Fulton-street.

The preface of these two beautiful volumes, which are got up in a style that reflects credit on Mr. Dunigan, sets forth that they were written with a view to aid in the good work of supplying the younger portion of the Catholic community with a source of mental recreation, which, while it interests the mind, will also lead to the conclusion that religion and morality above all else constitute the only true and lasting happiness. The story itself is well conceived, and executed in good taste, We cheerfully commend it as calculated to further the laudable design of its authoress.

Notes on the Northwest; or the Valley of the Mississippi. By Wм. J. A. BradFORD. Wiley & Putnam, New-York.

This volume contains much valuable and minute information with regard to the history, geography, resources, and habits of the vast, and, we might almost say, unknown region which lies west of the Mississippi. Indeed, we have seldom read a more comprehensive or apparently accurate book of the kind. So much ignorance prevails, respecting the wilder districts of our country, and so great is the necessity experienced, particularly amongst emigrant farmers, to obtain some previous knowledge of the lands upon which they are disposed to settle, that we cannot too highly recommend this work as a book of reference. Its attraction is greatly enhanced by the descriptions of local scenery with which it is interspersed.

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