CONTENTS

OF

THE THIRD VOLUME.

SUMMARY OF BIBLICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ANTIQUITIES.

Part I. A SKETCH OF THE HISTORICAL AND PHYSICAL GEO-

GRAPHY OF THE HOLY LAND.

CHAPTER I. Historical Geography of the Holy Land.
I. Names.-II. Boundaries.—III. Inhabitants before the conquest of Canaan by

the Israelites.-IV. Divisions by Joshua.-Allotments of the Twelve Tribes.
V. The Kingdom under David and Solomon.–VI. The Kingdoms of Judah
and Israel.–VII. Divisions in the time of Jesus Christ.–VIII. Account of the
City of JERUSALEM :-Its situation ;-2. Namos ;-3. Fortifications and Walls;
4. Remarkable Buildings;–5. Notice of the successive Captures of the City;
-6. Sketch of its Present State.-IX. Historical Epochs.

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CHAPTER II. Physical Geography of the Holy Land

I Climate.-II. Seasons.--1. Seed Time.-2. Winter.-3. The Cold Season, or

Winter Solstice.-4. Harvest.-5. Summer.-6. The Hot Season.-Heavy

dews.-III. Rivers, lakes, wells, and fountains.-IV. Mountains.-V. Vallies.

-VI. Caves.-VII. Plains.-VIII. Deserts. -Horrors and dangers of travel-

ling in the Great Desert of Arabia.- IX. Productions of the Holy Land.-Ve.

getables, Animals, and Mines.—Testimonies of antient and modern authors to

its Fertility and Population. Its present degraded and comparatively unculti-

rated state accounted for.-X. Calamities with which this Country was visited.

-1. The Plague.-2. Earthquakes.—3. Whirlwinds.-4. The Devastations

of Locusts.-5. Famine.-6. Volcanoes.-7. The Simoom or Pestilential Blast

of the desert.

27

Part II. POLITICAL ANTIQUITIES OF THE Jews.

CHAPTER I. Different forms of Government from the Patriarchal

Times to the Babylonian Captivity.

1. Patriarchal government.—II. Government under Moses a theocracy; its na-

ture and design.-1. Notice of the heads or princes of tribes and families.--2,

Of the Jethronian Prefects or judges

appointed by Moses.--3. Of the Senate,

07 council of seventy assessors.—4. Scribes.—III. Government of the Judges.

-IV. Regal government instituted ;—the functions and Privileges of the

Kings ;-Inauguration of the kings ;—Scriptural Allusions to the courts of

sovereigns and princes explained.- V. Revenues of the kings of Israel.-VI.
Magistrates under the Monarchy.–VII. Officers of the Palace.-

VIII. The

Royal Harem.-IX. Promulgation of Laws.-X. Schism between the twelve

tribes ;-the kingdoms of Israel and Judah founded ;-their duration and

end.

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CHAPTER II. Political State of the Jews, from their Return from the

Babylonish Captivity, to the Subversion of their Civil and Ecclesi-

astical Polity,

SECTION I, Political State of the Jews under Asmoraan Princes, and

the Sovereigns of the Herodian Family.

I. Brief account of the Asmonaan princes.-II. Herod the Great.-St. Mat-

thew's narrative of his murder of the infants at Bethlehem confirmed.-III.

Archelaụs.-IV. Herod Antipas.-V. Philip.-VI. Herod Agrippa.-YII.

Agrippa junior.

96

SectioŅ Il. Political State of the Jews under the Roman Procurators,

to the Subversion of their Civil and Ecclesiastical Polity.

1. Powers and functions of the Roman Procurators.-II. Political and Civil

State of the Jews under their Administration.-III. Account of Pontius Pilate,

-IV. And of the procurators Felix and Festus.

102

CHAPTER III. Courts of Judicature, Legal Proceeding, and Criminal

Law of the Jews.

Section I. Jewish Courts of Judicature, and Legal Proceedings,

Inferior judges.-II. Seat of justice.-111. Appeals.-Constitution of the San-

hedrim or Great Council.-IV. Form of Legal Proceedings among the Jews.

-1. Citation of the Parties.--2, 3. Form of Pleading in Civil and Criminal

Cases.-4. Witnesses.-5. The Lot, in what cases used judicially.-6. Forms

nf Acquittal.—7. Suinmary Justice, sometimes clamorously demanded.-V.

Execution of Sentences, by whom, and in what manner performed. 106

SECTION II. Of the Roman Judicature, Manner of Trial, and Treat-

ment of Prisoners, as mentioned in the New Testament.

I. Judicial Proceedings of the Romans.—II. Privileges and Treatment of Roman

citizens, when Prisoners.-III. Appeals to the Imperial Tribunal.-IV. The

Roman method of fettering and confining criminals.—V. The Roman Tribu-

nals.-yi. The Areopagus of the Athenians.

115

Section III. On the Criminal Law of the Jews,

1. Crimes AGAINST GOD.-1. Idolatry - 2. Blasphemy:—3. Falsely prophesying:

-4. Divination.-5. Perjury.-II. CRIMES AGAINST ParenTS AND RULERS.

III. CRIMES AGAINST Property.–1. Theft.-2. Man-stealing:-3. The Crime

of denying any thing taken in trust, or found.-4. Regulations concerning

Debtors.-IV. CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON.-1. Murder.-2. Homicide.-3.

Corporal Injuries.-4. Crimes of Lust, 5. CRIMES OF MALICE.

126

Section IV. On the Punishments mentioned in the Scriptures,

Design of Punishments.-Classification of Jewish Punishments.-I. Punish,

MENTS, NOT CAPITAL.-1. Scourging.–2. Retaliation.-3. Pecuniary fines.-4.

Offerings in the nature of punishment.-5. Imprisonment.-Oriental mode

of treating prisoners.--6. Depriving them

of Sight.-7. Cutting or plucking

off the Hair.-8. Excommunication.-II. Capital PUNISHMENTS.-1. Slaying

with the Sword.-2. Stoning.---3. Decapitation.–4. Precipitation.-5. Drown-

ing.–6. Bruising in a mortar.-7. Dichotomy, or cutting asunder.-8. Tupta-

viouos, or beating to death,-9. Exposing to Wild Beasts.-10. Burning to

Death.-11. Crucifixion.-(1.) Prevalence of this mode of punishment among

the antients.—(2.). Ignominy of Crucifixion.—(3.) The circumstances of our

Sayiour's Crucifixion considered and illustrated.

136

CHAPTER IV. On the Jewish and Roman Modes of computing Time,

mentioned in the Scriptures.

I. Days.-II. Hours.-Watches of the Night.-III. Weeks.-IV. Months.--

V. Years, civil, ecelesiastical, and natural.-Jewish Calendar.–VI. Parts of

time taken for the whole.- VII, Remarkable æras of the Jews.

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CHAPTER V. On the Tribute and Taxes mentioned in the Scriptures.

I. Annual Payments made by the Jews for the support of their sacred worship:

-II. Tributes paid to their own Sovereigns.-III. Tributes and Customs paid

by them to foreign powers.-Notice of the Money-changers.-IV. Account of

the Publicans or Tax-gatherers.

176

CHAPTER VI. On the Treaties, or Covenants, and Contracts of the

Jews.

I. Whether the Jews were prohibited from concluding treaties with heathen

nations.-II. Treaties, how made and ratified.—Covenant of Salt.-Allusions

in the Scriptures to the making of Treaties or Covenants.—III. Contracts for

the sale and cession of alienable property, how made.

180

CHAPTER VII. Of the Military Affairs of the Jews and other Nations

mentioned in the Scriptures.

Section I. On the Military Discipline of the Jews.

1. The earliest wars, predatory excursions.—II. Character of the wars of the Is-

raelites.—Their Levies, how raised.-Cherethites and Pelethites.-Standing

armies of the sovereigns of Israel.— II. Divisions, and Officers of the Jewish

armies ;—which were sometimes conducted by the kings in person.-IV. En-

campments.-V. Military Schools and Training.–VI. Defensive Arms.-VII.

Offensive Arms.–VIII. Fortifications.—IX. Mode of declaring war.-X. Or-

der of battle.—Treatment of the slain, of captured cities, and of captives.-

XI. Triumphant Reception of the Conquerors.—XII. Distribution of the

Spoil.-Military Honours conferred on eminent warriors.

185

Section II. Allusions in the New Testament to the Military Discipline

and Triumphs of the Romans,

1. Roman Military Officers mentioned in the New Testament.-II. Allusions to

the Armour of the Romans.-III. To their Military Discipline.-Strict Sub-

ordination.-Rewards to Soldiers who had distinguished themselves.-IV,

Allusions to the Roman Triumphs.

208

Part III. SACRED ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, AND OF OTHER

NATIONS INCIDENTALLY MENTIONED IN THE SCRIPTURES.

CHAPTER I. Of Sacred Places.

217

Section I. Of the Tabernacle.

1. Different Tabernacles in use among the Israelites.—II. THE TABERNACLE, 80

called by way of eminence, not of Egyptian origin.-Its Materials.—III. Forin

and construction of the Tabernacle.--Its Contents.-IV. Its Migrations. 219.

SECTION II. Of the Temple.

I. The Temple of Solomon.—II. The Second Temple.-Its various Courts.-

Reverence of the Jews for it.

226