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God and love to man-; "the only possible way effectually to restore virtue and happiness to any country, is therein to restore love to its ancient sway." Now it is this restoration which the gospel effects, and hence its matchless

endowing it with £30,000 a year! Ay, and now hesitating to withdraw this endowment, despite the clearest proof that by its continuance they are only fattening the tiger which thirsts for their blood! In a word, the most free and enlightened nation in Europe foster-power as a remedy for national maladies. ing the worst forms of darkness and despotism; the great patroness of all good, nursing Satan's masterpiece of evil, and the most sagacious of nations continuing to rear the viper just after it has disclosed its deadly designs by making a dart at her bosom." It is this writer's conviction, a conviction for which we believe that there is an adequate foundation, that "it needs to be proclaimed with a trumpet tongue, that the priests have for years been playing a deep game for the re-conquest of perfidious Albion." We believe that there is no exaggeration in the language which he employs on this subject when he says, "Let all Englishmen know assuredly that Rome's deadly eye is on "their faith and their firesides;" and that wherever they meet her clouds of priests, whether heading a mob, horsewhip in hand, or at vice-regal levées in silken hose, whether putting down a school in Connaught, or getting up one in Edinburgh, all-ALL are patiently performing their several parts in this gigantic conspiracy against protestant England. The serpent's great design is on that Eden of protestantism, and he has for years been stealing steadily towards it, and whether he has been now taking a circuitous route to beguile the simple, or again hiding amongst the flowers to elude the suspicious, or, as in the late aggression, making a visible spring, be assured of this one thing that

ON HE COMES.

The Grand Specific for the cure of Ireland's maladies, Mr. Dill maintains rightly, is the gospel of Christ. Every form of personal and social happiness, he remarks, springs from love-love to

While we concur with the author in much that he says on this subject, and gladly receive his testimony respecting the usefulness of that agency which the friends of scriptural religion are employing,-while we unite with him in wishing for the multiplication of schools in which the bible is duly honoured, of readers visiting the peasantry and reading to them portions of the sacred word, and of gospel ministers of every variety of talent, we cannot help wishing that he had adverted to the feeble character of protestantism in Ireland and the causes of its inefficiency. This appears to be one of the most disheartening things which the friends of truth have to lament. Unless we are mistaken, efforts for the conversion of the Romanists to Christ are not very generally made by the native protestants; nor do they enter with much ardour into the plans of others which have this for their object. If the conversion of their Roman Catholic neighbours is to be 1 attempted at all, many of them seem to think that it belongs to English. Christians to do whatever is to be done rather than to themselves. The spirit diffused by popery no doubt fosters among them a feeling of helplessness; among the Romanists nothing depends on the people but everything on the priests-the priests who are themselves dependent on their immediate ecclesiastical superiors-the superiors who are themselves dependent on the higher authorities in Rome. The political circumstances of the island conduce also to this. England being the seat of government, and the wealthier country, the habit naturally arises of looking to

zeal of their friend. That a version of the New Testament should represent the emphasis of the original is part of the rule that requires in a version general accuracy. A perversion of emphasis is a perversion of meaning. On that point all competent authorities must agree. The value of the Vatican manuscript again is universally admitted, and any one who calls attention to its reading does important service. But if we erroneously multiply emphasis and so prize any one manuscript as to deem ourselves independent of other human aid (p. 55), we defeat the very end we have in view, and build again the doubts and uncertainty we were seeking to destroy.

England for everything. But much of
the feebleness to which we refer origi-
nates, we believe, in the habit of re-
ceiving assistance for religious purposes
from the public purse. The protestants
have been so accustomed to expect the
British government to maintain protes-
tantism, by the pecuniary assistance
afforded, not to episcopalians alone, but
to presbyterians also-to every form of
protestantism that is sufficiently pre-
dominant to meet the public eye, that
voluntary effort to support their own
worship and diffuse the gospel around,
has seemed to them unnatural and
uncalled for. Even the assistance af-
forded by religious societies in England
may be abused, and has been abused, we
believe, in some degree; so that it is
incumbent on the administrators of
such aid to take care that the churches
in Ireland should be taught to cultivate
as much as possible their own resources,
and to take their part in missionary
exertion. As in India, however, so in
Ireland, an important preparatory work
has been accomplished. Obstacles have
been removed; attention has been ex-
cited; desire for knowledge has suc-
ceeded to the stupid contentment of
stone-blind votaries; and Providence is
rapidly breaking up the wretched social
framework that needed to be removed,
to prepare the way for the enjoyment
of peace and love and righteousness,"
under the sway of Him whose sceptre is
a straight sceptre, and whose dominion
when once established shall never pass
pass away.

The Emphatic New Testament, according to the authorized version, compared with the various readings of the Vatican Manuscript. The Four Gospels. By JOHN TAYLOR. London: Taylor, Walton, and Maberly, 1852. 8vo.

HERE are two good ideas in danger of serious injury through the injudicious

Let us illustrate these remarks. It is a common rule of Greek composition that the nominative pronoun of a verb is not expressed, unless it be emphatic. When expressed, such pronouns are generally intended to give force or prominence to the persons or things they represent, and such prominence ought clearly to be given in any version of the passage that contains them.

This principle Mr. Taylor applies to the Four Gospels, engaging to apply it with others to the whole New Testament, if he be encouraged in his labours. A single verse will explain this part of his plan. John xvii. 23, he points thus:

in them and thou in me that they may be made perfect in one; that the WORLD may know that thou has sent Me, and hast loved them as thou hast loved Me." The words here printed in Old English are in the Greek emphatic pronouns, and by this type the emphasis is marked in the version. The pronoun Me is also emphatic in Greek from position, and the WORLD is emphatic (in Mr. Taylor's view) from the use of the article. By employing capitals these kinds of emphasis are expressed, and often with happy results. "Could not THIS man which opened the EYES

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of the BLIND (John xi. 37); "And he whom thou now hast is not THY husband," John iv. 18; for example, express accurately the exphasis of the original. See also Matt. iii. 14; viii. 9. John xix. 6, 7.

Unhappily this principle is pushed to an extreme. Six and twenty different cases are enumerated in which it is said that emphasis is expressed, while in many of them there is no emphasis at all. Verbs for example in the infinitive mood and adverbs are made nouns in Greek by prefixing the article, as in Mark vi. 48, Matt. viii. 18, and all such are marked by Mr. Taylor as emphatic. Now the article is employed in such cases to meet the requirements of grammar, and not to give peculiar force to the word. To print such instances as emphatic confounds all proper notion of emphasis, and deprives the ordinary reader of the advantages which the general system advocated by Mr. Taylor is intended to confer. Could the six and twenty rules he gives be reduced to six, and really emphatic words be printed in emphatic type, a great benefit would be conferred, and the reader would be aided as much as by a corrected version. Of course we wish only the emphasis of the original, more than that would be exposition and not translation.

The various readings of the Vatican manuscript which are given in foot

66

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notes will prove welcome to the general reader, especially in the proposed second volume. In the gospels there are no various readings in that manuscript of importance. The type adopted enables the reader to judge very fairly of the general importance of various readings. "JESUS saith," i. e. with the article, is in the Vatican manuscript, "Jesus saith,' i. e. without the article, Matt. xvii. 26. In Mark vii. 36, our received text reads, it." The Vatican reads, "he charged He charged them ... they published them places of the emphatic pronouns being .. they published it." The reversed. this manuscript, may be gathered from The general importance of the fact that ten out of a dozen or thirteen important readings in the New Testament, which are adopted by all the great critics, Griesbach, Scholz, Lachman, and Tischendorf, are found to agree with the Vatican. Unhappily the long standing promise of the Papacy that this text is soon to be given to the world is still unredeemed; and the various readings it contains are known only through imperfect collations.

book a useful addition to our stores. On the whole, we deem Mr. Taylor's The idea is a good one, and if his plan be confined to real emphasis and not extended to merely grammatical forms, text. He has found a good horse; but it will throw much light on the sacred let him beware of riding him to death.

BRIEF NOTICES.

The Pictorial Family Bible, according to the
Authorized Version: containing the Old and
New Testaments.
Notes, by J. KITTO, D.D. London: W. S.
With copious Original
Orr and Co. 4to. Parts xxiv, and xxv.

This reprint of the original edition of Kitto's Bible having proceeded as far as the seventh chapter of Luke's Gospel, we renew our testimony, that though it is not equal to the

VOL. XV.-FOURTH SERIES.

"Standard Edition," we regard its progress with complacency, as it will afford valuable inexpensive work would be inaccessible. It is an struction to multitudes to whom the more excellent family book, and exceedingly cheap. The Bible and the Working Classes; being a Series of Lectures delivered to the Working Classes of Bradford, Yorkshire, in 1851. By ALEXANDER WALLACE, Edinburgh. Second

Thousand. London, Hamilton, Adams, and
Co. Pp. 298.

Feeling in common with many Christian
men that for the appliances of Christianity to
be brought to bear on the operative classes in
this country something must be done different
from any efforts heretofore attempted, Mr.
Wallace, at that time a resident at Bradford,
secured the Lecture room of the Mechanics'
Institute for an afternoon service specially in-
tended for this portion of the community, and
altogether unconnected with any religious sect
or organization. There he delivered from week
to week during the course of four months this
series of popular addresses on "the Bible." The
plan proved eminently successful. Hundreds
of working men attended from the town and
the neighbourhood around, numbers of whom
prided themselves in being Freethinkers, and
were disposed to treat both the claims and
teachings of the bible with disregard. At a
large public meeting held after the services
were brought to a close, the lecturer was re-
quested to publish the addresses which had
excited so much interest; and eight of the most
influential religious men of Bradford subscribed
an amount sufficient to defray the expenses of
the first thousand copies. The second thousand
has just been published, and we wish it may be
speedily followed by a third. We have read
the book with intense interest. The circum-
stances in which it originated-the character
of the work itself-and the valuable results
which may be anticipated as its fruit; all con-
tribute to yield high satisfaction. Here and
there we have to complain of confusion of
figure and a style which reminds us of the
finest writing of Theodore Parker and George
Gilfillan. We must protest against this high
pressure style. It is in bad taste-is becoming
increasingly prevalent-and to young writers
has seductive charms. Apart from this we
heartily commend the volume to all classes of
our readers. Difficulties are not evaded; but
stated and met. The claims of the bible to be
at once the messenger of God and the friend of
man are advocated and sustained. There is no
sacrifice of essential truth for the sake of popu-
larity. On the other hand, there is none of
that offensive and feeble way of exhibiting
truth which has disgusted multitudes of all
grades in this Christian land. May such
efforts as those of Mr. Wallace be multiplied
a thousand fold, and may the God of the bible
abundantly bless them!

The Bible Class Manual of the Life of Christ; or a Harmony of the Gospels, in a Continuous Narrative, with Notes and Questions. By ANDREW G. FULLER. London: B. L. Green. 1852. Pp. x., 181.

To reduce the memoirs of the four evangelists into one continuous narrative would seem to a person who had never attempted it a much easier thing than it actually is. Sometimes one of the writers gives a fuller account of a transaction than any of the others, and yet passes over circumstances which they mention, and which must therefore be introduced, though it is difficult to determine to what part of his statement they belong. In many cases

there are apparent discrepancies which a more
complete knowledge of facts than we possess
might reconcile, but to harmonize which re-
quires much learning, and the sacrifice of
common prepossessions. The fewness of the
dates which are given, and the similarity be
tween discourses which were delivered on
different occasions add to the difficulty of the
undertaking and the uncertainty which will be
felt on many points when it is completed. Mr.
Fuller has taken much pains with the present
work, and has succeeded in constructing a nar-
rative which reads smoothly and yet is com-
prehensive. In many families, sabbath schools,
and bible-classes, his publication will be accept-
able and useful. It includes a few explanatory
notes: many readers will wish that they had
been more numerous, but in that case they
could not have had the book on the same low
terms as those at which it is now presented to
to them.

Scripture Teacher's Assistant, with Explana-
tions and Lessons, designed for Sunday
Schools and Families. By HENRY AL-
THANS. London. Price One Shilling.

perience in the instruction of children, and
It is surprising that a man of so much ex-
who enjoys so high a reputation among sabbath
school teachers, should have published so very
poor a book as this is. We have heard of men
title-page, and the question has occurred to us
of celebrity lending their names to be put on a
whether the good nature of Mr. Althans has
not led him to accommodate some friend in that

tion that is given is this: "Bethlehem, a city of way in this instance. The very first explanaJudea." to an English child, not to say a London Does not the word "city" convey child-and it is for "London Sunday schools" especially that the author has written-an idea totally inapplicable to Bethlehem? Such an are these: "Kingdom of heaven, explanation is far worse than none. And so kingdom of glory. Eternal happiness." p. 33. Christ's teach." p. 38. Offended in me. Displeased with what I "The holy place. The holy Others are about equal to none; as, “Was the ground round the city of Jerusalem." p. 64. Son of God. I now believe that Jesus was the Son of God." p. 71.

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The Economy of Prayer; in Principle, Practice, and Result; deduced from the Lord's Prayer. By JOSEPH EDE. Pp. 138. London: Houlston and Stoneman.

in its import-more suggestive of thought-or No part of scripture is more comprehensive than that in which our Lord taught his dismore interesting from collateral circumstances ciples the manner after which they were to pray. Hence in all ages of the church it has Expositions of the "Lord's Prayer" however, been considered a fruitful theme for comment. generally failed to impart either profit or inlike lectures on the "Pilgrim's Progress," have terest. Through ignorance of biblical truth or want of sympathy with the exercise of prayer, or general incompetency, writers on this subject have, for the most part, served to illustrate the saying of an old Waldensian, “This prayer can scarce be expounded completely by

all the theologians in the world." We have
read this work, however, with interest and
profit. Taking up in their order the several
parts of the prayer, it shows the principles they
recognize the practice they enjoin-and the
natural results they warrant us to expect.
Some of the conclusions are rather "far-
fetched," and now and then an expression sa-
vours of affectation; nevertheless, there is
originality and vigour, both of thought and
style, which in these days of servile imitation
are quite refreshing. The writer is himself a
man of prayer.

The Course of Faith, or the Practical Believer
Delineated. By JOHN ANGELL JAMES.
London: Hamilton, Adams, and Co. 16mo.
pp. x., 333.

The deservedly popular author of this volume,
speaking of his writings generally, says, “To
awaken the sinner, guide the inquirer, and aid
the believer in the path of life-rather than to
lead the student through the intricate laby-
rinths of controversy or into the depths of
profound biblical knowledge-is the highest
object which my literary ambition has ever led
me to seek, or my own consciousness will ever
lead me to hope that I can obtain." The
design and execution of the work correspond
with this avowal; and we doubt not that, as an
experimental treatise, it will be acceptable and
useful to thousands. The subjects of its chap-
ters are Faith in General-Faith in Justifica-
tion-Faith in relation to Sanctification-the
Joy of Faith-the Work of Faith-Faith's
Victory over the World-Faith in Prayer-
Faith in Hearing the Word-Strong Faith,
including the Assurance of Faith-Faith in
reference to the Blessings of this Life-Faith's
exercise in reference to Affliction-Faith in
reference to Death-Faith in its relation to
Heaven. We are rather surprised that with
these chapters there is not one on Faith in the
Resurrection of the Dead. We have long
been of opinion that this primary article of
faith in the primitive church does not hold the
same place in modern theology as it holds in
the apostolic writings; but we should have
looked for a much fuller reference to it from
such a man as Mr. James. A single paragraph
on the subject, in so large a book as this, would
not have seemed enough, we think, to Paul.
The last chapter, also, on Faith in its relation
to Heaven, is in our view vague and unsatis-
factory, not recognizing duly the superiority of
the ultimate state of happiness to which the
New Testament scriptures teach us to look
forward.

Sin Apprehended, Tried, and Condemned; being
the reprint of a book entitled, "The Isle of
Man," first published in 1627. By RICHARD
BERNAND, rector of Batcombe, Somerset.
Now edited by the Rev. D. F. Jarman, B.A.
Minister of Bedford Episcopal Chapel, St.
George's, Bloomsbury. London: Nisbet and
Co. 16mo. pp. 113.

This ingenious allegory was first published in 1627 and must then have met with great favour as it reached the sixth edition during the year of its publication. Since then it has frequently been reprinted. The present edition has been

427

purged of the coarse imagery and language
which, in common with many writings of that
in several respects altered that it may be better
age, the early editions contained, and has been
adapted to the present state of society and
education. The object of the writer is twofold.
To convince of sin by unfolding its character
and tracing out its sources, and to promote
holiness by pointing out the hindrances and
necessary to a holy life. The allegory is divided
aids to the discovery of sin and also the graces
into two parts. In the first part we have the
justice, aided by many enemies to righteousness
pursuit and apprehension of Sin. Sin is repre-
sented as a thief, pursued by the officers of
in his escape, at length taking refuge in the
house of Mistress Heart, who keeps a common
inn, a receptacle for all villains, profligates, and
thieves. In the second part we have the
trial. Conscience is the judge., and Old
Man, Mistress Heart, Wilful Will, and Covet-
ousness are respectively tried and condemned.
The dramatis persona, of whom we have only
conceived and well sustained; and we have
mentioned a few, are for the most part well
seldom read a book in which the workings,
springs, and aids of sin, and the hindrances to
conviction, are so clearly and forcibly depicted.
The developments of covetousness and its
effects in the second part are admirable, and in
thoughtful perusal of every person.
this haste-to-get-rich age, well deserve the

Letters to a Romanist. No. I. The Doctrine
of Popery as taught by the Church of Rome.
No. II. The Supremacy of the Pope. No.
III. Auricular Confession. No. IV. The
Worship of the Virgin Mary. No. V. The
Worship of Saints, Images, and Relics.
No. VI. The Doctrines of Purgatory and
Prayers for the Dead. No. VII. The Doc-
trine of Transubstantiation and the Mass.
By a Quiet Looker-on,
Russell. 12mo.
Scarborough: A.

quietly, instead of writing these tracts and
If this gentleman had continued to look on
sending them to the press, it would doubtless
clergy around him than the course he has pur-
have been more pleasant to the Roman Catholic
there is nothing in his production adapted to
sued. Quiet, as the author professes to be,
tranquillize those of his readers who are advo-
cates of the system on which he animadverts;
for a more unsparing exposure of the maxims
and practices of the apostate church we have

never seen.

illustrating the abominations of Auricular Confession, to translate some of the quotations from reach of English readers, young and old, is a Dens and Bailey, and place them within the question on which there will be difference of Opinion; argument may be adduced in favour of the affirmative as well as the negative; and but certainly there are many things in these we will not undertake to pronounce judgment; letters for which it would not have been easy to procure the imprimatur of Cardinal Wisething unfair or dishonourable. The author, who man. We have not observed, however, any dates from Scarborough, has cultivated an extensive acquaintance with the writings of Romanists, and he is turning his knowledge thus laboriously acquired to good account.

Whether it was discreet or not, in

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