Prepofitions are alfo prefixed to words in fuch a manner, as to coalefce with them, and to become a part of them. Prepofitions, ftanding by themselves in Conftruction, are put before Nouns and Pronouns; and fometimes after Verbs; but in this fort of Compofition they are chiefly prefixed to Verbs: as, to outgo, to overcome, to undervalue. There are alfo certain Particles which are thus employed in Compofition of words, yet cannot ftand by themfelves in Conftruction, as, a, be, con, mis, &c. in abide, bedeck, conjoin, mistake, &c. thefe are called Infeparable Prepofitions.

CONJUNCTION.

THE CONJUNCTION connects or joins toge

Tther Sentences; fo as, out of two, to make

one Sentence.

the Saxon Gospel, « Ic wylle gan on fixoth," is in the English Translation: "I go a fishing." John xxi. 3. Much in the fame manner, John of Nokes, and John of Styles, by very frequent and familiar ufe, become John a Nokes, and John a Stiles: and one of the clock or rather on the clock, is written, one o'clock, but pronounced, one a clock. The phrafes with a before Participles are out of use in the folemn ftyle; but ftill prevail in familiar difcourfe. They are established by long ufage, and good authority; and there feems to be no reafon, why they fhould be utterly rejected.

Thus,

1

Thus, "You, and I, and Peter, rode to London," is one Sentence, made up of thefe three by the Conjunction and twice employed; "You rode to London; I rode to London; Peter rode to London." Again, “You and I rode to London, but Peter ftaid at home," is one Sentence made up of three by the Conjunctions and and but: both of which equally › connect the Sentences, but the latter expreffes an Oppofition in the Senfe. The first is therefore called a Conjunction Copulative; the other a Conjunction Disjunctive.

The ufe of Copulative Conjunctions is to connect, or to continue, the Sentence, by expreffing an addition, and; a fuppofition, or condition, if, as; a caufe, because [5], then; a motive, that; an inference, therefore; &c.

The use of Disjunctives is to connect and to continue the Sentence; but withal to exprefs Oppofition of meaning in different degrees; as, or, but, than, although, unless, &c.

[5] The Conjunction because, used to exprefs the motive, or end, is either improper or obfolete: as "The multitude rebuked them, because they should hold their peace." Matt. xx. 31. "It is the cafe of fome to contrive falfe periods of bufinefs, because they may feem men of difpatch." Bacon, Effay xxv. We fhould now make use of that.

E

INTER

I

INTERJECTION.

NTERJECTIONS, fo called, because they are thrown in between the parts of a sentence without making any other alteration in it, are a kind of Natural Sounds to exprefs the affection of the Speaker.

The different Paffions have, for the most part, different Interjections to exprefs them.

The Interjection O, placed before a Subftantive, expreffes more ftrongly an addrefs made to that person or thing; as it marks in Latin what is called the Vocative Cafe.

SENTENCE S.

SENTENCE is an affemblage of words,

A expreffed in proper form, and ranged in

proper order, and concurring to make a complete fense.

The Conftruction of Sentences depends principally upon the Concord or Agreement, and the Regimen or Government, of Words.

One word is said to agree with another, when it is required to be in like case, number, gender, or person.

One word is faid to govern another, when it caufeth the other to be in fome Cafe, or Mode.

Sentences

Sentences are either Simple; or Compounded. A Simple Sentence hath in it but one Subject, and one Finite Verb; that is, a Verb in the Indicative, Imperative, or Subjunctive Mode.

A Phrafe is two or more words rightly put together, in order to make a part of a Sentence; and sometimes making a whole sentence.

The most common PHRASES, ufed in fimple Sentences, are the following:

ift Phrafe: The Subftantive before a Verb Active, Paffive, or Neuter; when it is faid, what thing is, does, or is done: as, "I am;" "Thou writeft;" "Thomas is loved;" where I, Thou, Thomas, are the Nominative [6] Cafes; and anfwer to the queftion, who, or what? as,

[6] "He, whom ye pretend reigns in heaven, is so far from protecting the miserable sons of men, that he perpetually delights to blaft the fweeteft flowrets in the Garden of Hope." Adventurer, N° 76. It ought to be who, the Nominative Cafe to reigns; not whom, as if it were the Objective Cafe governed by pretend. "If you were here, you would find three or four in the parlour after dinner, whom you would fay paffed their time agreeably." Locke, Letter to Molyneux.

"Scotland and Thee did each in other live."

Dryden's Poems, Vol. II. p. 220. "We are alone; here's none but Thee and I."

Shakespear, 2 Henry VI. It ought in both places to be Thou: the Nominative

Cafe to the Verb expreffed or understood.

"Who is loved? Thomas." And the Verb agrees with the Nominative Cafe in Number and Perfon [7]; as, thou being the Second Perfon Singular, the Verb writeft is so too.

[7] "But Thou, falfe Arcite, never shall obtain Thy bad pretence." Dryden, Fables. It ought to be halt. The mistake feems to arife from the confounding of Thou and You, as equivalent in every respect; whereas one is Singular, the other Plural. See above, p. 50.

"And wherefoe'er thou cafts thy view."

Cowley, on the death of Hervey. "There's [there are] two or three of us have seen

ftrange fights."

Shakespear, Jul. Cæf.

"Great pains has [have] been taken."

Pope, P. S. to the Odyffey. "I have confidered what have [hath] been faid on both fides in this controverfy." Tillotfon, Vol. I. Serm. 27.

"One would think, there was more Sophifts than one had a finger in this Volume of Letters." Bentley, Differt. on Socrates's Epiftles, Sect. IX.

"The number of the names together were about an hundred and twenty." Acts, i. 15. See alfo Job, xiv. 5.

"And Rebekah took goodly raiment of her eldest fon Efau, which were with her in the house, and put them upon Jacob her youngest fon." Gen. xxvii. 15.

"If the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer, fprinkling the unclean, fanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh." Heb. ix. 13. See alfo Exod. ix. 8, 9, 10. 2d Phrafe: