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evidently the same. The furniture of the inner sanctuary was the same in both, but in the temple, that of the outer sanctuary was increased. To the candlestick made by Moses were added ten others, five on the right-hand and five on the left; and to the original table of shew bread, ten other tables; five on the right side, and five on the left. In the temple there were two courts, the court of the priests, and the court of the people; but whether the latter was divided by a wall, that the men and women might worship apart from each other, I have not been able to ascertain. In the court of the priests was placed the great altar, and the brazen laver, to which ten other lavers were added, beside the molten sea.* In these courts were constructed various rooms, all adapted to their respective uses; but what was the particular situation of each, the scriptures have not informed us.

IV. When the temple was rebuilt, it had the same courts, the same altars, and the same sanctity, as at its first erection. Nor is it any objection to this, that the consecrated ark, the celestial fire, the oracles given by urim and thummim, the shechinah or symbol of the divine majesty, and the spirit of prophecy, or, as others think, the holy anointing oil, which adorned the first temple, are said to have been wanting in the second. For whatever sanctity belonged to the temple at its first erection, belonged to it also after its restoration; because the place once consecrated retained its sanctity as long as the law of Moses continued in force and this argument is strengthened by the consideration that the temple of Solomon was demolished, not by any command of God, but by the unjust violence of enemies. On this subject Mai

* II Chron. iv. 2. 4. 7, 8, 9..

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monides says: Whence proceeded the sanctity of the second temple? From that first consecration which was performed by Solomon. For he fixed the duration of the sanctity of the sanctuary and of 'Jerusalem. But he consecrated both for ever.' "* With this connect what he adds just after: 'The sanctity of the sanctuary and of Jerusalem pro⚫ceeds from the shechinah, but the shechinah never ↑ perishes.'

V. Of the temple after its re-erection, with its courts, rooms, and officers, some Jewish writers have given a particular description. And first, they state that adjoining to the porch of the temple was the court of the priests; next to the court of the priests, the court of the men; next to the court of the men, the court of the women; and next to the court of the women, an open space called the intermural, or a place between two walls. of the priests, and the court of the men, include the whole of the place which is commonly called the sanctuary.

The temple itself, the court

As a considerable apparatus was necessary for a ritual worship, the nature of that worship required the construction of various apartments for the reception of various things. Thus in the four corners of the court of the women were inclosed four smaller courts. The first was the court of the Nazarites; in which the Nazarites used to dress the peace offerings, The second was the receptacle of the oil; in which were deposited the wine and oil prepared for sacred uses. The third was the depository of the

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wood; in which the blemished priests separated the wormed wood: for wood that happened to be at all

• In Beth Habechira, c. 6.. + Maimon. in Beth Habechira, c, 5.

worm-eaten was always rejected as unworthy to be fuel for the sacred fire. The fourth was the court of the lepers; in which persons used to be washed after having been cured of leprosy. In the court of the women also were the entrances to two rooms situated under the floor of the court of the men, which were appropriated to the reception of musical instruments.

Between the sanctuary and the intermural, or outer inclosure towards the north, was the fire-house,* which was divided into four apartments. Two of them, next the sanctuary, were holy on account of their situation: the other two, adjoining the outer inclosure, were common. The first was appropriated to the examination of the lambs destined for the daily sacrifices, lest there should be any blemish in them. The second was assigned to those who prepared the shew bread. In the third the Maccabees had deposited the stones of the altar profaned by Antiochus, The use of the fourth was twofold. For the priests kept guard in it, and from it was the entrance to a bath where they were to wash and purify themselves after the contraction of impurity. Near the bath was a fire, kept constantly burning, that after washing in the one they might immediately be dried and warmed by the other,

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In the court of the men also there were eight rooms; three on the south, three on the north, and the other two near the eastern gate.† On the north (or, according to Maimonides,‡ on the south) was the room in which the salt prepared for salting the sacrifices was deposited; the room in which the skins of the victims were salted; and that in which the mem+ Misna in Middoth, c. 5, In Beth Habech, c. 5.

Misna in Middoth, c. 1.

bers and entrails of the sacrifices used to be washed. On the opposite side was a room, of which the part next the sanctuary was holy, and the part next the outer inclosure was common; and in this part was the tribunal of the Sanhedrim: the well-room, in which was the fountain that supplied water for the use of the temple: and the wood-room, which, according to Maimonides,* was also the chamber of the high priest. Here the high priest used to be instructed in the sacred ceremonies which he was to perform on the day of expiation, lest he should fail in any of the solemnities of that day.

Near the eastern gate was the apartment of those who provided the daily cake for the high priests' meat offering; and the room appropriated to the use of those who had the charge of the pontifical vestments.

Over the gate of the sanctuary were two rooms.† In the former the holy incense used to be prepared, and in both the priests kept guard. For the priests used to watch in three places, in these two rooms and in the fire-house, and the Levites in one and twenty places, about the temple, every night. Maimonides supposes this to have been done, not so much for the protection of the temple, as for the honour of it.

In the sanctuary were two rooms; one, into which benevolent persons privately conveyed what they wished to be distributed to the poor; the other, into which persons brought all vessels which they presented for the use of the temple, but which, if unfit for the sacred service, were sold by the treasurers, and their value was expended in cleansing the temple.

In Beth Habech. c. 5. '.'

+ Maimon. in Beth Habechira, d. 8. Misna in Middoth, c. 1.

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VI. As there were many apartments in the temple, there were also many officers belonging to it.* The first of these convoked the priests, the Levites, and those who were called stationary men, with the following summons: Priests arise; Levites to the desk; 'Israelites to the station.' The stationary men were appointed to supply the places of the people at the sacrifices. For as it was required that all persons for whom sacrifices were offered should be present at their respective oblations, but the whole nation could not be present at the sacrifices offered for all the people, hence it became a custom to select a number of the most eligible persons, who should attend at the public sacrifices as the representatives of the whole nation. These were called stationary men, and the business assigned them in relation to the sacrifices was called the station. A second was charged with the care of the gates. A third was the principal officer of the whole guard, and was called the man of the mountain of the house. A fourth presided over the singers. A fifth had the custody of the musical instruments. A sixth superintended the lots that determined the order in which every priest was to perform the sacred services. A seventh procured turtles and doves, which he sold to those who were about to make such offerings. An eighth was the keeper of the tickets on which certain words were inscribed, respectively indicating the appointed portion of wine and flour to be used with every victim. For a fixed price he delivered the ticket to the persons about to offer a sacrifice. A ninth, on receiving the ticket from them, supplied them with the portion of wine and flour expressed on the ticket. A tenth presided over the physicians in+ Ibid. c. 6.

* Maimon, in Chel. Hammikdash, c. 7.

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