were inhumanly butchered. All the doors and windows of the palace were broken, and the furniture entirely destroyed.

During all these disorders, the king and royal family were fitting among the deputies of the national affembly, where they had taken refuge. There the king heard pronounced the decree which deprived him of all his functions, and of every atom of power; which cafbiered his minifters, annihilated the civil lift, and convoked the primary assemblies, in order to appoint deputies to a national convention.

On the 2d of September, intelligence of the investment of Verdun was firft received in Paris. The citizens affembled in the Champ de Mars, and with one voice devoted themfelves for fervice against the enemy.

They had enemies, however, within the walls of the city. With regard to them a dreadful refolution was taken; and the phrenzied populace divided into parties.

The prifons were forced, and all who were imprifoned for alledged crimes against the state, were put to the sword one by one, as they were let out of the prifon. About 161 clergymen, who had been confined in the. Carmelite convent, were brought forth two by two, and instantly dispatched. M. Montmorin, the late governor of Fontainbleau,

was

was killed while two of the National Affembly stood over him. Madame Lamballe, half fister of duke of Orleans, and niece to the king of Sardinia, was also put to death.

At two o'clock, on Sunday afternoon, three alarm guns were fired; the tocfin was founded, and the general was beat. From feven o'clock, on that evening, to day-break on Monday, flaughter pervaded Paris; and the streets were ftrewed with the carcafes of the mangled victims.

Leopold, emperor of Germany, died this year; and the king of Sweden was shot at a masquerade, by one of his own fubjects.

This year alfo, died two gentlemen, whofe fuperior excellence in their respective arts was univerfally acknowledged; viz. Sir Joshua Reynolds, the first portrait-painter of the age, and the ingenious architect, Mr. Adam, to whom we are indebted for the elegant Adelphi-Building in the Strand.

СНАР.

IN

CHAP. LXXVIII.

REMARKABLE POLITICAL EVENTS.

the month of October, 1792, the duke of Brunswick, commander of the confederate German and Prussian troops, iffued threatening proclamations against the French, in the style of general Burgoyne, and had well nigh met with that commander's fate. But, with the remains of a difeafed and almost famifhed army, he made good his retreat within the German confines.

- The French, breathing the ardour of a nafcent republic, as well as that of their own national character, elated beyond all bounds by fuccefs, fprang forth on all fides with wonderful energy. In Savoy, Geneva, Brabant, and certain towns in Germany, their sway was owned, their principles avowed, and their protection courted. The repulfe of the French by the Pruffians from Frankfort, did not form any thing like a counterbalance to the fucceffes of Dumourier, Cuftine, and other commanders.

The national convention proceeded in the plan of propagating their principles and their power, to give orders for opening the navigation of the Scheldt.

Many

Many are of opinion, that in this matter, Holland is most seriously interested. For, fay they, as Amsterdam and other towns in Holland, by the shutting up of the Scheldt, rofe on the ruins of Antwerp; fo, by the re-opening of that river, Antwerp and the Catholic Netherlands would flourish again at the expence, of the United Provinces. Others, however, think that the commerce of Holland would not be much affected by it.

The varying afpect of the political horizon in France caft a varying light and fhade over the neighbouring countries, animating or discouraging the friends of liberty and innovation on the one hand, and those of eftablished governments on the other. In Britain, in the earlier part of the year, 、 a fociety was formed under the name of Friends to ‹ the People, at the Freemafon's Tayern; and other focieties, branching from this, were united by correfpondence in different parts of the country. The iarch of the duke of Brunswick into France caft a damp on these focieties, and all who abetted them. His retreat, however, revived their fpirits, and they were fufpected of promoting disturbances.

A Royal Proclamation called on all who held offices under government, and wifhed well to the British constitution, to keep order, and to carry the laws against all riots and diforders into execution with

vigour.

vigour. This tried and proved the principles of the British nation, which, particularly in England, appeared to be on the fide of the prefent order of affairs in the church, as well as in matters of government. Affociations were every where' formed in oppofition to all turbulence and fedition; more numerous than the focieties abovementioned.

The parliament, which, from the apprehenfion of danger, was all on a fudden fummoned to meet, before the ufual time, breathed the fame fpirit that had already appeared throughout the nation.

In Scotland, however, where every man, from the peer to the beggar, can read, and does read every thing that falls into his hands, the pamphlets of Mr. Paine, and others of a fimilar nature, made a very fenfible and general impreffion.

Mr. Dundas, the secretary of State, being roughly handled on his vifit to his native country, endeavoured to recover his influence by bringing into parliament a bill for the establishment of a militia in Scotland, and another for granting relief to the poor Highlanders, labouring under the miferable effects of a rainy and backward season.

The Alien Bill was paffed, by which all foreigners, who could not give a fatisfactory account of themfelves, were obliged to leave the kingdom.