Dwellers in "ceiled houses," know ye not " this house" hath long "lain waste ?" Why is no faithful voice raised to awaken Christian England to the duty of re-building the shattered nave, throwing down the party-wall from across the transept, and restoring to this once noble Cathedral its fair proportions? The triple line of chancel and two side-aisles-meet token of the adorable TRINITY —indeed stand erect; but where is the cruciform emblem, formed by complete nave, chancel, and transepts, showing forth the Cross whereon our Blessed Redeemer died? Have we—we denizens of a matter-of-fact period -truly less need than had our fore-elders to be reminded of the Death and Passion of our SAVIOUR? and by the holy rood, elevated above the lofty screen, separating the nave (type of the Church militant on earth) from the chancel (type of the Church triumphant in heaven), to be taught how the Cross of the LORD JESUS is the only yoke under which we fallen children of humanity can pass from earthly warfare into celestial rest? Ah! surely, did we, as our Church enjoins us, duly, on the sixth day of every week, by prayer, meditation, and selfdenial, spiritually behold the sufferings of our SAVIOUR, we could not but remember with pity the wasted stones and scattered dust of her whom He hath “engraven on the palms" of His sorrowful outstretched hands, and whose walls are therefore" continually before Him!"

The inhabitants of Cumberland were converted to Christianity towards the close of the seventh century, by the celebrated S. Cuthbert, on whom Egfrid, King of Northumbria, bestowed Carlisle as an appendage to the bishopric of Lindisfarne, or Holy Island, of which See

1 Holy Island received its appellation from some religieux, who lived there in a monastery (some of the ruins of which are still remaining) built by S. Aidan, a devoted man of Scottish birth, about the

S. Cuthbert was the diocesan. Carlisle continued subject to the episcopal jurisdiction of Durham (whither the See of Lindisfarne had been removed) till the reign of Henry I., by whom it was erected into a distinct bishopric in 1133. Some part of the Cathedral dates from old Saxon times; but the greater portion is of more modern periods. The choir, which is in the Gothic style of architecture, was begun by Bishop Welton in the reign of Edward III., and was finished by his successors, Bishop Appleby and Bishop Strickland. The arches are supported by clustered pillars, and the capitals are wreathed with very delicate mouldings, in carved openwork ; the Cathedral also contains some perfect specimens of ragged-staff moulding. The tracery of the large east window is esteemed remarkably fine. There is no Lady Chapel. In one of the side aisles are some quaint legendary pictures from the histories of S. Cuthbert, S. Augustine, and S. Anthony, each device headed by a distich in uncouth rhyme. Our attention was attracted

year 636. Holy Island was also called Lindisfarne, or Landisfern, on account of its being situate opposite the river Landi. The See of the Bishopric of Northumbria was fixed at Lindisfarne, by S. Aidan, who was the first Bishop, and who died A.D. 651. Lindisfarne is said to have had twenty-three Bishops successively. The second of these, Bishop Finam, and the third, Bishop Colman, (both Scots) maintained the Eastern time of celebrating Easter; and the latter prelate resigned his See rather than yield the point. S. Cuthbert was the sixth Bishop of Lindisfarne; having formerly been Abbot under his predecessor, Bishop Eaton. S. Cuthbert died 684; he had previously resigned his See and retired to Farne. The Cathedral of Lindisfarne was built of timber and thatched with reeds, till Edbert the seventh Bishop, covered the roof, and the walls also, with lead. In consequence of Lindisfarne being exposed to the ravages of the Danes, the See was removed to various places, till it was finally settled at Durham (properly Dunholme, Woodhill) by Aldwin the twenty-third Bishop, A.D. 995.

by a handsome monument in memory of Dr. Law, Bishop of Carlisle; also, by a most interesting memorial window in the transept, displaying the full-length figure of the late Chancellor Fletcher, in a kneeling attitude; the epitaph is on brass, underneath the window. In the choir, near the altar, is a singular engraved brass to Bishop Henry Robinson, born at Carlisle about 1556, who was at first a "poor serving child" at Queen's College, Oxford, but subsequently rose to the dignity of Provost, and became a great benefactor of that College. He was, for the last eighteen years of his existence, a most watchful Bishop of Carlisle, and departed this life A.D. 1616.

On the south side of the Cathedral are the residences of the Dean and Chapter, together with the abbey-gate, and other remains of the ancient priory with which the Cathedral was originally connected. The refectory is used as a chapter-house, the proper chapter-house and cloisters having been pulled down during the civil wars. This is the only "episcopal chapter in England of the order of S. Austin." A Church at Carlisle was dedicated to S. Cuthbert in very early times: near this Church (which has undergone several processes of rebuilding) stood formerly an ancient edifice called Arthur's Chamber, supposed to have formed part of a mansion house occupied by King Arthur at Carlisle.

Quitting the Cathedral, we made the best of our way to the Castle, a sombre old fortress, supposed to have been founded in the reign of William Rufus, and now used as barracks for the military stationed at Carlisle. An intelligent soldier became our guide along the ramparts, and civilly gave us all the information in his power regarding the historic traditions connected with the forCarlisle Castle was the first place in England

tress.

1 Bishop Tanner.

where Mary Queen of Scots tasted "the prisoner's cup of sorrow." Here, "in a little stone-floored room, very dreary and dismal, the unfortunate queen plied her tapestry-work by day, and doubtless watered her couch. with tears by night. The green terrace on which she was permitted to take her melancholy exercise may still be seen; but the cell of her captivity has (we believe) been sacrificed to that spirit of modern improvement, to which we owe the destruction of much which imagination held dear. Thence she was sent to one stronghold after another, till, after eighteen years of imprisonment, during which her beautiful hair had grown white from disappointment and sorrow, rather than from age, and her eye had lost its lustre, she died by the axe of the executioner." Ah! how can an English cheek repress a rising blush at the melancholy recital?

Owing to its position in the midst of the turbulent scenes of border warfare, a siege was no uncommon occurrence at Carlisle Castle; and during the earlier periods of its history, the red-cross banner of S. George, and the white-cross banner of S. Andrew, often floated alternately from its turrets, in the rude vicissitudes of war.2 The Scottish king, David I., who took Carlisle in 1135, is said to have built a considerable part of the present castle.

The last occasion on which Carlisle Castle figured in the annals of war was in 1745, when it was taken by "bonnie Prince Charlie," who here had his father proclaimed King of Great Britain, surrounded by the municipal authori

1 "Englishwoman's Magazine."

2 The banner of S. George, the patron saint of England, is a white flag with a red cross. The banner of S. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, is a blue flag divided by a white S. Andrew's cross. Both banners were derived from the Crusades.

ties, all duly robed in the insignia of office. Leaving a garrison at Carlisle, the royal scion of the ancient house of Stuart marched onwards, elate with hope, and sanguine of success. Six weeks were scarce fulfilled, when that gallant Highland army once more marched through the streets of old Carlisle, not this time buoyant with enterprise, and dazzled by visions of a coming kingdom, but with the first flush of their regal hopes faded, and their hearts energised by Scottish caution to a faithful defence of the safety of their much-loved Prince, even at the expense of retreating from the land whose crown by right of inheritance was his. The reinforced Scottish garrison left in Carlisle Castle were soon overpowered by the superior numbers of the English; and, by an act of petty despotism, the castle bells were forbidden to ring again for a hundred years, because, good sooth, those bells had too cheerily welcomed the first prosperous arrival of Prince Charles. This, too, was the castle where the lionspirited Fergus M'Ivor1 laid down his life, as the price of his allegiance to the house of Stuart. It must have been somewhere in the great moorland valley, between the Lake Mountains and the Crossfell range, that he was startled by the apparition of the Bodach Glas, sure

1 See "Waverley."

2 "The Bodach Glas was a spectre that haunted all the Chieftains of the clan M'Ivor, on the eve of death, or any great calamity. When Ian nan Chaistel (a great chief of the M'Ivors) wasted Northumberland, there was associated with him in the expedition a Southland Chief called Halbert Hall. In their return through the Cheviots, they quarrelled over the booty, and came to blows: the Lowlanders were cut off to a man, and their Chief fell last covered with wounds by the sword of M'Ivor. Since that time, his spirit was wont to cross the Vich Ian Vohr (a title belonging to the chief of the clan M'Ivor) of the day when any great disaster was impending, and especially before approaching death."-Sir Walter Scott.