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LUXEMBOURG (FRANCIS HENRY DE MONTMORENCI,

DUKE OF), a very celebrated general and mareschal of France, was a posthumous son of the famous Bouteville, who was beheaded under Louis XIII. for fighting a duel.. He was born in 1628, and in 1643 was present at the battle of Rocroi, under the great Condé, whose pupil he was, and whom he followed in all his fortunes. He also resembled that great man in many of his eminent qualities, in acuteness of perception, thirst for knowledge, promptness in action, and ardour of genius. These qualities he displayed in the conquest of Franche-Comté in 1668, where he served as lieutenant-general. He served also in the Dutch campaign of 1672, took many towns, and gained some trophies in the field. He closed this expedition by a retreat more famous than his victories, which he accomplished with an army of 20,000 men, against the opposition of 70,000. After distinguishing himself in another expedition in Franche-Comté, he was advanced, in 1675, to the dignity of mareschal of France. He fought, during the remainder of that war, with various success. In the second war of Louis XIV. against the allied powers in 1690, he gained the battle of Fleurus, and it was generally allowed that he prevailed in it chiefly by the superiority of his genius to that of his antagonist the prince of Waldeck. In the ensuing year, 1691, he gained the battles of Leufen and Steinkirk; and, continuing to be op posed to king William of England, he was again success, ful, in the bloody battle of Nerwinde, where there fell on the two sides near 20,000 men. It was said in France, that on this occasion they should not sing Te Deum, but VOL. XXI.

B

De profundis, the mass for the dead.-The duke of Luxembourg is said to have had an ordinary countenance and a deformed figure, in consequence of which William III. whose constant antagonist he was, is reported to have said once with some impatience, "What! shall I never beat this hump-backed fellow?" This speech being repeated to the duke, "How should he know," said he, "the shape of my back? I am sure he never saw me turn it to him." The last great action of the duke's life was a second famous retreat, in the presence of superior forces, through a considerable extent of country, to Tournay. This was in 1694, and he died the following year, Jan. 4, at the age. of sixty-seven. Notwithstanding the disadvantages of bis person, Luxembourg is said to have been much involved in intrigues of gallantry. He had some powerful enemies, particularly the minister Louvois, who once had him confined very unjustly in the Bastille. Among other frivolous calumnies on which he was then interrogated, he was asked whether he had not made a league with the devil, to marry his son to the daughter of the marquis de Louvois. His answer was replete with the high spirit of French nobility. "When Matthew of Montmorenci," said he, "married a queen of France, he addressed himself, not to the devil, but to the states-general; and the declaration of the states was, that in order to gain the support of the house of Montmorenci for the young king in his minority, it would be right to conclude that marriage." Idle as the accusations against him were, they cost him a confinement of fourteen months, and he had no subsequent redress.'

LYCOPHRON, a Greek poet and grammarian, was a native of Chalcis, in Euboea, and according to Ovid, was killed by a shot with an arrow. He flourished about 304 years before Christ, and wrote a poem entitled "Alexaudra," or Cassandra, containing a long course of predictions, which he supposes to be made by Cassandra, daughter of Priam, king of Troy. This poem has created a great deal of trouble to the learned, on account of its obscurity, which procured him the title of "the tenebrous poet. Suidas has preserved the titles of twenty tragedies of his composing; and he is reckoned in the number of the poets who were called the Pleiades, and who flourished under Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt. The best edition

1 Moreri.-Dict. Hist.-Perrault's Les Hommes Illustres.