not in the oriental style, but Greek or Roman; and Ardeshir may as well be assumed for the restorer of Susa, neglected by the Parthian dynasty, as Sapor Zulectaf was the embellisher of it; but neither of them the founder of this capital. In this particular Mr. M'Donald labors under a great mistake, for Valerian was not a prisoner to Ardshir,' [Artaxerxes] the founder of the Sassanian dynasty, but to Sapor the First, his successor; and if he had consulted the authors of the Universal History, they would have informned him, (Vol. ix. p. 281.) that the oriental historians say nothing of Ardshir's building Shuster, but mention expressly that Sapor I. restored the ancient city of Susa. A second Sapor, surnamed Zulectaf, beautified and enlarged Shuster, and is named as the builder of the bridge or dyke below that city, for the purpose of keeping up the water, and irrigating the country. To the same Sapor is attributed the dividing of the Eulêus into the six channels which inclose the city, and many other great works; for he is a favorite character with Mirkhoud, and other oriental writers, and considered, like Solomon, as the author of many magnificent structures, which owe their existence to other sovereigns. Here I close my observations, and the controversy, I hope, for ever; there is neither pleasure nor profit in returning to a disquisition, which cannot be interesting or attractive, except to a few, who have acquired previous information on the question; but I am bound to defend my opinions till I am convinced that they are erroneous. To support what I have advanced, merely because I have said it, is pertinacity, or a spirit of contention, which I hope is not imputable to me; for though I am in the habit of not yielding even to the highest authorities without proof, yet when proof is substantiated, I have neither hesitation nor shame in retracting. All works compiled like mine in the closet, must be submitted to the test of experience. With this view I committed my volumes to the hands of several travellers, navigators, residents in India, and learned friends at home, from whom I have received a variety of communications, that have enabled me to correct numerous passages, as I have acknowledged in different publications since the first edition. Equally ready should I have been to have given up the point in question between Mr. M'Donald and myself, if I could have been determined by his arguments. What weight mine 3 • Ancient Universal History, Vol. Ix. p. 217. 2 Universal History, Vol. 1x. p. 287. 3 Captain Grant, who was murdered in Persia, carried my work with him, and commented on it: he held a more inland course than any traveller who had preceded him, and the identical volume, which had accompanied him, was put into my hands by one of his surviving friends. will have, others must determine-mine are numerous, but in the opposite scale I am sensible of one only that can affect the balance. For if the testimony of Strabo could be established, that Susa was built with brick, it cannot be represented by Shuster, where the buildings are of stone, and seem to have been so in all ages, from the quarries and excavations in the neighbourhood. These now serve for retreats in summer, to avoid the heats, and must have had the same origin as catacombs all over the world. In this particular I acknowledge the advantage of Mr. M'Donald till I shall have obtained information, which may enable me to reply. I do not now think it a counterbalance to all the evidence on the contrary side; and I trust to his generosity, and the candor of the reader, that a liberal concession will not be converted into the acknowledgment of a final defeat. To obtain the truth, I am satisfied, is the object of both. For my own part, I will give one proof of my readiness to retract an error, for which, I trust, Mr. M'Donald will give me credit. In the interval between the publication of my second edition of the ancient commerce, and the printing my translations from the originals, Mr. Salt's Dissertation on the Adulitick Inscription appeared in Lord Valentia's travels; a single proof which he adduced was sufficient to convince me that I was mistaken, with a host of illustrious commentators, who had preceded me in the same path. I did not hesitate a moment in abandoning the defence of a disquisition, which had cost me much time and labor; but I do not call upon Mr. M'Donald to follow my example, for I believe he is as much persuaded on his part, as I am on my own. A generous controversy, without warmth or wrangling on either side, may produce a desirable conclusion; and if I take a different side of the question in the present instance, it ought by no means to be interpreted as derogatory from the merit of his work at large for it contains a treasure of geographical intelligence in regard to regions the most obscure; and whether we consider the efforts of the traveller himself, the extent of Sir John Malcolm's plan, in directing the routes of his countrymen and the natives employed, or the munificence of the East India Company in appointing such embassies, and promoting such a spirit of discovery, it does equal honor to all the parties concerned, and reflects cqual splendor on the British character, whether displayed in the advancement of science, or discoverable in its comprehensive views respecting the commerce and empire of the East. SOPHOCLES CORRECTED AND EXPLAINED. Quicquid dicam aut erit, aut non. HORAT, TO THE EDITOR OF THE CLASSICAL JOURNAL. AMONG Some remarks lately published on Brunck's collection of the fragments of the lost tragedies of Sophocles, we are presented with the correction of one (the fifth in the list) from the ΑΛΗΤΗΣ. We give the passage as it stands in Brunck. 、 ἀλλ ̓ ἀξίως ἔλεξας, οὐδὲ μὴν πικρῶς. The author of the remarks alters the two last lines thus; γένος γὰρ εἰς ἔλεγχον ἄξιον καλῶν, εύκλειαν ἂν κτήσαιο μᾶλλον ἢ ψόγον. Which the learned and loyal gentlenen of the Crown and Anchor might or might not translate, Who summons Kings and Princes to account, Or right or wrong, 's a Patriot indeed! We propose the following emendation; γένος γὰρ, εἰς ἔλεγχον ἐξιὲν κάλων, εὔκλειαν ἂν κτήσαιτο μᾶλλον ἢ ψόγον. the sense of which is, For a man of high birth and rank in life, by throwing himself open to conviction, is sure to reap credit for so doing, rather than blame. This is much nearer the common reading than the conjecture, given us by the author of the remarks. In the Alcest. 643. we have the line, ἔδει ξας, εἰς ἔλεγχον ἐξελθὼν, ὃς εἶ. The expression referred to here, I conceive, means precisely the same with the other; the only difference being, that this is the language of common life, that a nautical phrase. Athens being a naval power, it is easy enough to conceive that expressions of this kind, as well as such as are generally connected with the idea of the sea, should creep gradually, first into colloquial, afterwards into studied diction. We give the following instances. ἐχθροὶ γὰρ ἐξιᾶσι πάντα δὴ κάλων, οὗτος γὰρ ἀνὴρ, ᾗ μάλιστ ̓ ἐκάμνομεν, Med. 280: Med. 766. 2 F2 μανίας τ ̓ ἐπ ̓ ἀνδρὶ τῷδε, καὶ παιδοκτόνους νῦν δεῖ σε πάντα δὴ κάλων ἐξιέναι σεαυτοῦ. Herc. Fur. 835. Equit. 753. Our younger readers, for whose use solely we dwell so long upon the subject, are referred respectively to the Scholia on the first and last of the passages here quoted; and to Barnes on the Iph. Aul. 1244. The task of enumeration here would be endless. We shall content ourselves with the following examples. pidos xλudwv. Hecub. 118. ἄπορον κλύδωνα κακῶν. Med. 363. κύμα χερσαίον στρατοῦ. κύματι φωτων. Sept. c. Theb. 64. 1076. ρεύματι φωτῶν . . . ἄμαχον κῦμα θαλάσ σης. Pers. 88. πρύμνη πόλεως. φροιμίοις πολυῤῥόθοις. Sept. c. Theb. 2. 7. κτῆσιν δόμων ἀντλεῖ. Soph. Εlectr. 1990. βούπρωρος· ['Αχελώος.] Trachin. 13. ρόθιον κακόν. Androm. 1097. ερέσσει κύκνος. Ion. 161. διὰ πόνων ἐναυστόλουν. Fragm. Euripid. πόνον ἐξηντληκότες. Cycl. 281. ἀντίπρωρα βέλη. Εurip. Electr. 846. οὖρος ἐκ κακῶν. Ion. 1509. So we too, on the same principle, say; He steers his course- -His fortunes are going down the wind-He took the wind of him-His affairs are wind-bound-He labors in his country's wreck-He has to wade through a sea of troubles-He guides the helm of the state-That is his main security and sheet-anchor. The following passages we give at length. As it is a great point of art, when our matter requires it, to enlarge and veer out all sail; so to take it in and contract it, is of no less praise, when the argument doth ask it. Ben Jonson. Margaret Must strike her sail, and learn a while to serve, Where Kings command. Shaksp. And sit at chiefest stern of public weal. Shaksp. My intention, hearing not my tongue, Anchors on Isabel. Shaksp.. For rhyme the rudder is of verses. Hudibr. N. 4. NOTICE OF Chr. Andr. Teuberi Tractatus philologico-exegeticus de Utilitate Linguæ Anglicana in Explicatione S. Scripturæ er Pericopis, vulgo, Evangelicis vernacula Versionis cum Anglicana et Fontibus collatis demonstrata. Lipsiæ, 1731. 12mo. pp. 128. THIS curious and not very common little book was sold at Dr. Gosset's sale; and we intend to lay a few brief extracts from it before the reader, (Teuber was also the author of the following work, bought by Dr. Routh at the same sale for seven shillings and sixpence, Exercitatio de Martyribus Christianis, Bruns. 1734.) Teuber in the preface professes to write his book not "ut inde nova fontibus Græcis lux affundatur, sed potius ad ostendendam peculiarem anglicanæ versionis cum Græco convenientiam." " Hine necesse fuit præstantium auctorum sententias vel producere, vel - dijudicare, vel meas quoque interdum conjecturas in medium proferre." Teuber then proceeds to point out some passages, where he conceives Luther's version to be more accurate and significant than the English version. They are as follows: Luc. XVIII, 14. Sedixaswμévos exsivos, interpres anglicanus, 'justified rather than the other,'' vielmehr denn der ander.' Lutherus vero gerechtfertiget vor jenem' reddidit. Græcum ibi ἢ ἐκεῖνος, accuratius per vor jenem exprimitur, quod exclusivam plerumque apud nos habet significationem; cum rather ap. Anglos plerumque admittat comparativam, quæ tamen hic loci, plane non justificato Pharisæo, tolerari nequit. Matth. XXI, 7. náva autov, idem interpres, upon them, auf dieselben,' Lutherus ' dar auf' transtulit. Secundum Anglicanum, discipuli Christum et asino, et pullo imposuissent, quod tamen, recte intellecto loco Zachariano, non est probabile: secundum nostram autem versionem solo pullo vectus est Servator, id quod vaticinio prophetæ magis est consentaneum. Cf. quæ dom. Palm. circa hanc quæstionem disputata sunt. Nigræcum ἐπάνω αὐτῶν referre placeat ad vestimenta pullo imposita, de quibus in commate antecedenti; tum quippe Anglus interpres cum Germanico conciliari posset. Luc. XVI, 6, 7. In Anglicana utraque vocabula ßárous et xógous interpres generatim measures, maass;' Lutherus sigillatim tonnen' et malter' exposuit. Talis quidem non est mensurarum orientalium cum occidentalibus convenientia, ut cadi et medimni, tonnen und malter, germanorum, Bárois et xógois orientalium ex asse respondeant: verum an interpres Anglicanus propterea generale vocabulum prætulerit specialioribus, quæ æque in promtu fuissent, certo non constat : a Græco sane longius aberrat ita, quam Germanicus. |