REMARKS ON STRABO.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE CLASSICAL JOURNAL.

I COMMIT to your candor, a viudication of the text as it stands in some passages of Strabo, which are, as I conceive, unnecessarily, but ingeniously corrected in the second Number of the Museum Crit. Cantabrigiense.

. B. L.

σε

In page 255 of the Museum Crit. it is proposed to substitute ΓΡΑΠΤΩΝ for "ΑΟΡΑΤΩΝ in the following passage of Strabo, p. 19. C. Ed. Amst. εἰς ἀποτροπὴν δὲ ὅταν κολάσεις παρὰ θεῶν, καὶ φόβους καὶ ἀπείλας ἢ διὰ λόγων, ἢ διὰ ΤΥΠΩΝ 'ΑΟΡΑΤΩΝ τινῶν προσδέχωνται. Perses Thebanus, Brunck. Analect. t. ii. p. 4. and Porson's Advers. p. 220. and the preceding paragraph, are alleged in support of the above correction. τοῖς τε γὰρ παισὶ προσφέρομεν τοὺς ἡδεῖς μύθους—οἵ τε πολλοὶ τῶν τὰς πόλεις οἰκούντων εἰς μὲν προτροπὴν ἄγονται τοῖς ἥδεσι τῶν μύθων ... ἡ νὴ Δία ὁρῶσι γραφὰς, ή ξόανα, ή πλάσματα. Casaubon suggested ἀώρων. Nihil muta, says Toup, figuris άλλοκοτοῖς nunquam antea visis. Du Theil renders the words, par des impressions d'objets invisibles. I understand the words to signify, " by means of representations of certain invisible objects," and I had so separated τύπων and ἀοράτων before I was acquainted with the version of M. Du Theil. These representations were made through the medium" of painting, sculpture, or carving, or the plastic art." It remains, then, only to show what these objects were, that were thus pourtrayed, and they are to be collected from the succeeding passage: κεραυνὸς γὰρ, καὶ αἰγὶς, καὶ τρίαινα, καὶ λάμπαδες, καὶ δράκοντες, καὶ θυρσόλογχα τῶν θεῶν ὅπλα μύθοι, καὶ πᾶσα θεολογία ἀρχαϊκή· ταῦτα δ' ἀπεδέξαντο οἱ τὰς πολιτείας καταστησάμενοι μορμο λύκας τινὰς πρὸς τοὺς νηπιόφρονας. I here take notice of a proposed correction in the first passage from Strabo, of λογίων for λόγων, by M. Du Theil. That I also consider as unnecessary. I apprehend Strabo to mean, that these fears and threatenings were excited and conveyed either through descriptions, or by means of material images presented to the eye, such as the lightning of Jove, the torches of the Furies, the agis, &c.

The second passage, which is altered, occurs in p. 65. where διαττώντων is substituted for the common reading: οὐχ ὁρᾶν φησι πῶς ἂν εἰς πράγματα καταστρέφοι (as we ought to read upon the authority of the best MSS. ἡ ζήτησις αὐτὴ περὶ γῆς ὁρῶν) ἀλλὰ μόνον ἔριν ΔΙΑΙΤΩΝΤΩΝ μᾶλλον κατὰ Δημόκριτον εἶναι. The word which is to be substituted imports "to sift as flour." "To sift" a controversy or dispute is a mere English notion. It is not, I apprehend, to be adinitted because Plato seems to be the only writer who employs this uncommon term. The ordinary reading is a usual forensic expression, and signifies rather to litigate a question, VOL. IX. ci. J. NO. XVII.

H

or to dispute, for the sake of disputing, a meaning perfectly applicable to the tenor of the sentence.

...

1

Page 105. C. δῆλον οὖν ἐκ τῆς παιδικῆς μετρήσεως ὅτι ἡ συμπᾶσα παραλία ... ὑπερέχει πεντακοσίοις σταδίοις. For παιδικής several modes of alteration are suggested by different critics; by Casaubou, ἐκ τῆς δὲ τῆς μετρήσεως; by Vilebrun, πρακτικής; by Du Theil, Tsugins, or sidixйs; and by the reviewer in the Mus. Crit. Ts dias. The passage is a part of an extract from Polybius, and the words do not seem to require any alteration, nor is there any variation in the reading. "What is . ." says Casaubon. It is "elementary mensuration or geometry," such knowledge of geometry as is attained by young men, or is communicated to them in the course of education. A similar phrase occurs in another passage of Polybius, where a problem is proposed respecting castrametation, which occasions surprise, he says, because we forget the rules of geometry, which have been learnt amongst the wadinà μalýμara. See Schweighauser's note. παιδικὰ μαθήματα.

On Mr. Blomfield's Derivation of the Word inov.

WE have in the Prometheus,

v. 373. ἰπούμενος ῥίζαισιν Αἰτναίαις υπο:

"'Inów," says Mr. Blomfield, "premo, affligo, izoúμEVOS, TIEŠÓμEVOS, avaynatóμevos: Photius Lex. MS. Iouμavos ap. Hesych. correxerunt vv. dd. ab Aristoph. Equit. 920. inoúμsvos Tais elo pogais, Pindar. Οl. iv. 10. 'Αλλ ̓ ὦ Κρόνου παῖ, ὃς Αἴτναν ἔχεις ἶπον ἠνομόεσσαν ἑκατονκεφάλα Τυφῶνος ὀβρίμου: ἰπάω videtur manasse ab iψ, animalculum quod cornua peredit: vid. Valck. Animadvv. ad Ammon. p. 103." In the Classical Recreations p. 580. I ventured to question this derivation upon the obvious sense of pressure, which it bears in the passages of Eschylus and Aristophanes, and to assert that it is a verbum fullonibus, upon, the authority of Janus Laurenbergius (who took his opinion from Jos. Scaliger's Conjectanea in Varronem de L. L.): he says in the Antiquarius, " Conciliare, verbum fullonibus, Græce ἰποῦν, πιέζειν, συμπιλοῦν.” I can

We could have wished that our correspondent had proved to us by examples that the ordinary reading signifies "to litigate a question, or to dispute for the sake of disputing." We are aware that darns signifies an arbiter, but we doubt whether the verb in question ever occurs in the sense, which our correspondent assigns to it. As to diarray, Ruhnken in the notes on the Lexicon of Timæus has quoted four instances, where the word occurs in Plato, but he certainly does not either quote from, or refer to any instances in other writers, and our correspondent may perhaps be obliged to us for informing him that it occurs twice in Hippocrates: μυρρίνης ἀγρίης ῥίζας κόψας καὶ διαττήσας, καὶ φυρήσας ἐλαίῳ, Περὶ Ελκῶν page 516. line 9th Ed. Basil, 1538.: Again in the same page line 18th, Kal ans μολυβδαίνης τρίψας ὡς λειότατον διαστήσας, συμμίξας. Η. Stephens has omitted this verb, but under diary he quotes a passage from the Cratylus of Plato, which Ruhnken in the notes on Timæus's Lex. refers to diάTTY. EDITOR.

دو

now support this idea beyond the possibility of contradiction. Hesych. ἰποῦμεν, πιέζομεν, again, ἐπούμενος, πιεζόμενος. It is very remarkable that the Etymolog. Mag., while it derives og from ἴπτω τὸ βλάπτω, adds, παρὰ τὸ ἴπος γίνεται ἀπῶ ῥῆμα, σημαῖνον τὸ θλίβω, καὶ ̓Αριστοφάνης, Ιπούμενος ταῖς συμφοραῖς. Phavorinus under os has the same explanation as Photius above, but with the addition of θλιβόμενος, and he has also with Hesych. ἰποῦμεν, πιέζομεν. Zonaras has in To 0xBw. Suidas has the same, and also, in dè TEGIσжWμLEVÕNG άrrì TOU exißw. In a MS. Glossarial " Index in Hippocratis Opera Græce Editionis Basileensis Fol. 1538." appa-, rently the work of "Joannis Reekie pióλoyos," and now in the possession of Dr. Parr, we have these words, "Twσ15 487. 32. Foes. Econ. compressio, Tiσis, tanquam ab inów, premo more fullonum, ab Tʊ, sive iπw, noceo, lado." The passage of Fœsius is as follows; "os, pressus, aut pressura dicitur, compressio, depressio, idem quod iis, aut Toμòs, L. de Art. p. 621.53. τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἐξεστεῶτα ἐς τὴν χώρην ἀναγκάζει καὶ ἡ ἴππωσις ἰέναι, quæ enim excesserunt, compressione in suam sedem redeunt: tanquam ab inάw deducitur, cum aliis now dicitur, quod significat premo more fullonum, unde et ros est fullonum officina et muscipula: est et inos Toμòs, onus, pressus, et pressura; sed Pollux c. II. L. 7. ἰποῦν et ἰποῦσθαι ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀναθλίβεσθαι, καὶ πιέζεσθαι, καὶ κναφεύειν poni scribit, tanquam ab irów, unde et inouevos, pressus, ex Cratino ab eo profertur, quanquam apud eum intoúpavos legitur, ut et ap. Hesych. ἰπποῦμεν, πιέζομεν, et ἰππούμενος, πιεζόμενος exponitur : ἐξίπεσ θαι tamen tanquam ab ἴπω dicitur, et ἐξίπεται idem ἐκπιέζεται exponit ['' L. έξιποῦται ab ἰποῦσθαι” L. Kuster]: ἴπος Galeno in Exegesis exponitur, et ex Mochlico adducitur, sed vereor ut locus sit integer; neque enim os in Mochlico legitur ["os, πόσις ap. Hippocr. ἐν τῷ μοχλικῷ i.e. potio, sed pro ή πόσις existimo legendum os pressio, seu pressura, alias pro muscipula reperitur usurpatum os, nec non pro instrumento quodam fullonum et tortorum," Jo. Gorai Definit. Medic. p. 271.], quod illius libelli maximam foedationem satis indicat: videturque hac dictione Galenus ἴππωσιν (aut melius ἴπωσιν) ex libro de Articulis indicare, ut nos nos dicatur, h. e. pressus et pressura, onus ac velut lignum quo mures opprimuntur, quod etiam in Hesychio dicitur τὸ ἐμπίπτον τοῖς μυσὶ ξύλον: est et ἴπος μύαγρα Polluci : hac autem voce compressio aut depulsio quæ per spatham aut asserem fit, et qua in spina gibbero compellendo, utitur Hippocr. indicatur, eaque did Tas σavidos inwos Galeno dicitur Com. 4. in L. de Art. p. 658. 26. impulsus et compressio quæ fit per asserem, in repositione luxati posteriorem in partem coxæ articuli, ubi tamen vitiose omnino σήπωσις legitur : ἰπούμενος, θλιβόμενος, πιεζό μevos, ávaɣnalóμevos exponitur Varino"-taken from the Schol. Aristoph. Equit. v. 920. ἰπούμενος, θλιβόμενος ταῖς συντελείαις, ταῖς ἀπαιτήσεσι πολλὰ εἰσφέρειν ἀναγκαζόμενος, πιεζόμενος. Bergler upon this passage of Aristophanes says, "roúuevos est ab imos, quod pres

sorium significat, ut ex Vet. Gloss. conjicere licet, sive pralum.” Alberti on Hesychius cites them thus, Gloss. Vet. ἴπος, prensu rium, scribendum potius ἶπος,” and Kuhnius on J. Pollux thus, “ἴπος, prensurium, ἴπωται, prensatum est.” In the Lex. Greco-Lat. Vetus of H. Stephens we have εἴπωσις, ἡ σφίγξις. The passage of Pollux referred to above is this, L. vi. c. xi. Segm. 41. ἔοικε δὲ καὶ τὸ ἰποῦν, καὶ ἰποῦσθαι, ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀποθλίβεσθαι, καὶ πιέζεσθαι, κναφεῦσι προσήκειν· οὐκ ἄντικρυς μὲν ἐπὶ τούτου εἰρημένον, ὑποδηλούμενον δὲ, Δώσεις ἐμοὶ Καλὴν δίκην, ἰπούμενος ταῖς συμφοραῖς, Κρατικός που φησί καὶ ἴπον μὲν ἐν Κλεοβουλίνῃ, καὶ ̓Αρχίλοχος δ ̓, ἔφη, Κέαται ἐν ἴπῳ, καὶ ἴπος δὲ τὸ τῶν κναφέων ἐργαλεῖον· ἔστι δὲ καὶ μυάγρα οὕτω καλουμένη ἀλλὰ νῦν ἔοικε μᾶλλον τῷ τῶν κναφέων ἐργαλείῳ προσήκειν. Again in L. x. c. 31. s. 185. καὶ ἐπὸς τὸ πιέζον τὰς ἐσθῆτας ἐν τῷ γναφείῳ, ὡς ̓Αρχίλοχος, Κτέαται ἐν ἴπῳ. The Lex. Græco-Lat. Vet. of H. Stephens also has—ἐξείπω, ἐκθλίβω, exprimo, elido, confligo : upon ἐξιποῦν H. Stephens in the Thes. L. G. has largely descanted: Iadd Aristophanes Lysistr. v. 291. τω ξύλω τὸν ὠμον ἐξιπώτατον, where the Schol. θλίβουσιν : he mentions Galen, but not Hippocrates, but the Lex. Hippoc. MS. quoted above, has the following reference, “ ἐξιπόω, exprimo, ab ex et ἰπόω, premo, ab ίπτω, sive ἴπω, noceo, lado, 489. 14.” Hence ἰποφυές, ιπποφανὲς, ἐπποφαές, ιππόφυον etc. which, as Fasius says in the Econom. Hippocr., 1s "frutex quo fullones utuntur ad interpolandas vestes, ut scribit Diosc. c. 162. L. 4. eoque vestes curant et carminatione poliunt." H. Stephens has omitted in the Thes. L. G. ἀπιποῦν : “ Ab ὁ ἶπος,” says Damm, " est v. ἰπόω, premo, ἀπιπόω, exprimo, καρπὸν κόψαντες ἀπιποῦσι, fructum contundentes exprimunt, ut oleum inde fiat, Herod. 11. 94. de σιλλικυπρίοις, germine Ægyptiaco, ejusque fructu."

Damm most ingeniously, and very naturally accounts for this signification of pressure, which, as we have seen, is uniformly given to the verb ἰποῦν, and its compounds ἀπιποῦν, ἐξιποῦν, and I am decidedly of the same opinion with him : “ Υπος est proprie ἡ μυάγρα, lapsu suo opprimens mures, in specie autem onus illud in muscipula, quo mus opprimitur, ὁ πιεσμός : deinde metaphorice et in genere est onus quo quis premitur et coercetur cum sua molestia : sic Atnam, Typhao injectam, Pindarus vocat ἶπον ἀνεμόεσσαν, altam, Ol. 4, 11." This interpretation is supported beyond all contradiction by Hesychius, who has, under εἰλός, manifestly a corrupt reading of εἶπος, and that for the same as ἴπος, ΠΛΝ ΤΟ ΕΠΙΠΙΠΤΟΝ ΒΑΡΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΕΝ ΤΑΙΣ ΠΑΓΑΙΣ ΕΠΙΠΙΠΤΟΝ ΞΥΛΟΝ, and again under εἶπος for ἶπος, ΠΑΓΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΝ ΒΑΡΟΣ. Again γίπον, εἶπον. Now Hesychius, though the fact has been overlooked by the commentators, clearly had this very passage of Pindar in his thoughts, when he wrote those glosses. Heyne's Note upon the passage of Pindar is this: “ ἶπον esse onus imposi tum, dubitari nequit, post illustrationes v. ἰποῦσθαι a vv. dd. pro

positis, Hemsterhus. ad Aristoph. Plut. p. 279. Brunck. ad Lysistr. 291. tum ap. Eschyl. Prom. 365. et Gedik. Carm. select. ad h. 1.:-Scholia recent. Tuwgíav xai xóλary ex etymologia argu tantia."

Trin. Coll. Cam. 21 Nov. 1813.

E. H. BARKER.

:

REMARKS ON

SOME POINTS OF RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN THE
ENGLISH AND ITALIAN LANGUAGES.

It is indeed full time to remove from our literary men and our language the reproach that no tolerable dictionary of it exists. The new edition of Dr. Johnson's must be expected with impatience for that undertaking, nature had certainly bestowed on him the most important endowment, a mind sagacious and inquiring, when not under the dominion of the numerous prejudices to which he was a willing slave: but when this is admitted, he possessed, it is apprehended, no one acquirement whatever to fit him for his task, except perhaps his skill in Latin.

The length of time elapsed since the preparation of that booksellers' publication in the middle of the last century, without any correction whatever of the least moment, would alone present a sufficient motive for the improved edition. Blemishes now appear in it, which never could have been retained, had it not been his lot in his latter days to be surrounded by flatterers rather than by friends. Such wilful sallies, for instance, as his defining a pension to be "Pay given to a state-hireling, for treason against his country," he himself afterwards becoming a pensioner, and in that character employing his talents little to the benefit of his fame-In consequence of his ridiculous dislike to the northern extremity of our island, his going out of his way to tell us that in England oats are eaten by horses; but in Scotland, by the people—his political definitions subservient to his own prejudices; and his considering his own feelings of sufficient consequence to bring in a salutation to his "great parent," the town of Lichfield; with other errors, wilful or involuntary, which may by the present respectable editor be quietly dropped.

But the great defect under which Dr. Johnson labored, and which utterly unfitted him for his task, was his profound ignorance of any sister-dialect of the tongue which he undertook to