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Apostle tells the Galatians, "I am crucified with Christ: nevertheless I live; yet not I, but Christ liveth in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave himself for me."'

It may here, perhaps, be objected by some, that however just these observations may be, they apply to St. Paul alone, and that other Christians have no concern with them, except as displaying the ruling principle of the great Apostle. "We do not," it may be said, deny the doctrine; but St. Paul was raised up for a special purpose, and was honoured with a special commission. He was expressly appointed to carry the tidings of salvation to the Gentiles, and was therefore endowed with a loftiness of character and a devotedness of spirit suited to such an undertaking. It was the business of his life to preach the Gospel; and the same power which commanded him to preach Christ crucified, would enable him to glory in the Cross." Now it cannot be denied that the Apostles in general were prepared as well as commissioned for their great work; and that they were endowed with qualities suited to their peculiar circumstances: but is it not the duty of every Christian, as well as of St. Paul, to triumph in the Cross? To this it is that we also are indebted for all our consolations, and all our hopes: and to borrow the language of our church, we also are required to mortify all our evil and corrupt affections, to crucify the old man, and utterly to abolish the whole body of sin; that all carnal affections may die in us, and all things belonging to the Spirit may live and grow in us. Strong as is the language of St. Paul it describes the very state which we are required to seek, and for which our church has taught us to pray.

It may further be objected, that such devotion of mind is inconsistent

with the faithful discharge of our public and social and private duties. Certainly to plead to be set free from moral obligations, under the pretence of being crucified to the world, would be a gross abuse of the doctrine. Our business may be in this world, while our affections are set on things above. Our conversation may be with men, while our chief glorying is still in the Cross of Christ. Our walk may be on the earth, while our spirits ascend above it, and the treasure and the heart are in heaven. And not only is this frame of mind consistent with the performance of all our moral duties, but it teaches us to fulfil them faithfully; for it teaches us to be holy and blameless, and to do every thing as unto the Lord and not unto men.

Let us then seek to cultivate these holy dispositions; to live as wel have the holy men of old for our ensamples; to meditate as they did on the Cross of the Saviour. Thus shall our souls be animated like theirs with the glorious sight. The world. and its allurements will be disregarded, and the language of our hearts will be, "God forbid that I should glory in things so vain and fleeting. Let the wise man, if he pleases, glory in his wisdom, the rich in his riches, and the mighty in his might. I also will glory in riches and wisdom and might, in the fulness of him that filleth all in all; who once bore my sins in his own body on the tree, and will one day receive me to himself; who imparts to me the sense of his favour; who enables me to know even in this life the influence of the love of Christ which passeth knowledge; and who will at length raise me to another life, when I shall no longer behold him in his sufferings but seated on a throne of glory, and, with the whole company of those who were the disciples of his Cross, shall extol for ever the triumphs of his redeeming love." Amen.

MISCELLANEOUS.

For the Christian Observer.

ACCOUNT OF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE IN

AMERICA.

Ar a period when war has broken out between this country and the United States of America, and the spirit of hostility seems to be increasing, I shall make no apology for thus introducing to you an article of which one of the professed objects is the promotion of mutual kindness between the two countries. I have indeed another important end in view, which is, that of countenancing the spirit of exertion in favour of the Heathen world, of which my paper will afford an example. I am indebted for all my materials to a recent publication in the United States, entitled, Memoirs of the Reverend Eleazar Wheelock, Founder and President of Dartmouth College, and of Moor's Charity School; with a Sum. mary Account of the College and School, by D. M'Lure, D. D. and E. Parish, D. D.

In the year 1637, Mr. Ralph Wheelock, a non-conforming minister, born in Shropshire,and educated at Clarehall, Cambridge, being about 37 years old, removed himself with many others for the sake of religious liberty to America. He settled at Dedham in Massachusets, and became a proprietor of Medfield, where many of his descendants now reside. He took charge of no church, but employed himself in the instruction of youth, and in giving, it is said, such "wise counsel" as was wanted in the infancy of the settlement, both "in civil and ecclesiastical matters."

His son Eleazar is stated to have been both a Christian and a soldier. In a war with the Indians, he commanded a corps of cavalry, and his bouse at Mandon was turned into a garrison. He expelled them from his settlement with great spirit; but in CHRIST, OBSERY. No. 145.

the periods of peace he treated them with much humanity, and often joined them in the chace.

last mentioned gentleman, is said to Mr. Ralph Wheelock, son of the have been "an officer" not of the army, but "of the church in Windham." He was a farmer of respectability, hospitable and pious.

The Doctor, of whom we are principally to speak, was the only son of this religious agriculturist. A handsome legacy from his grandfather, whose name he took, supplied the means of affording to him a publie education at Yale College in Connecticut, where he was the first to receive the interest of a legacy given by the Rev. Dean Berkley, to the best senior classic scholars. took his American degree in 1733..

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rally prevalent about this time in The religious impressions so genemany parts of America, in the production of which the Rev. Jonathan Edwards was principally instrumental, served to excite our young pastor, already deeply serious, to the greatest exertions. He preached almost daily abroad and at home, to large and solemn audiences, and was much attached to the Rev. Mr. Whitefield. Towards the close of this scene, he exerted himself in checking what his biographer calls the "wild torrent of delusion," which led many astray, who set up societies, called by themselves Separatists, and he was in this respect very successful among his own people.

He now became anxious for the conversion of the Indians in the northern and western borders, whom he considered as having been most criminally neglected. Being visited by Sampson Occum, a serious Indian youth, he afforded him instruction for three years, in a small school which he conducted, and was much encouraged by the success of this experiment. The bounds of a pa

rish seemed now too small for him; and the forests of America, occupied by numerous Indian tribes, presented a noble field for apostolic labours. A part of his plan was to persuade Indian parents, whom he saw during his mission, to send to him their children; and he wished to make them equal even to English youths in useful and virtuous accomplishments. He took young women as well as men; and of the former some were distributed among pious families, and some committed to a governess.

The want of a settled provision for the Christian ministry manifested itself in the case of this zealous minister, who, being at the present time but partially supported by his people, conceived himself on that account entitled to bestow on other objects a corresponding proportion of his labours. The Rev. J. Brainerd, missionary to the Indians at New Jersey, sent him four Indian boys, and he became the affectionate father of a large and tawny family. The province of Massachusets voted him a temporary allowance, for educating six children of the Six Nations; and Mr. Joshua Moor, a farmer in Mansfield, making the first considerable donation to his institution, it obtained the title of Moor's Indian Charity School.

It is pleasant to record at this distance of time the names of those truly honourable men who at this period of the infant seminary, sustained its weakness, and prepared it for that notice which it finally obtained. Probably their left hand scarcely knew what their right hand was doing. In the warmth of their simple piety and benevolence, they laid a foundation on which a lofty superstructure has been built by others, and they are long since gone to receive their abundant reward. A charter from England was now about to be obtained; but the war of 1757 interrupted the proceedings, and Mr. Wheelock, in consequence of some barbarities practised by the ladians, was advised to abandon his

object-an object, however, which he only pursued with the greater zeal, and it appeared in the end that those tribes among whom his missionaries and schoolmasters had most laboured, were either neutral, or friendly to the British, in the midst of the general contention.

Even in this dark period," as the biographer terms it, the institution found many friends, and at the end of the war donations flowed in from all quarters. In particular, Sir William Johnson, Superintendant of Indian Affairs in North America, favoured Mr.Wheelock, and sent him many young Mohawks; among whom was the well-known Joseph Brant, whom Sir William afterwards employed in public business.

In 1763, Mr. Charles Jeffrey Smith was ordained both as a preacher and as a missionary; and Mr. Wheelock on that occasion delivered a sermon, which was afterwards printed in Edinburgh, on these words: "And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the Lord's house shall be established in the top of the mountains, &c." In this discourse the wretchedness of the outward condition of the Indians is urged as one motive to compassion. "Half naked," it is said, " and almost starved for a great part of their time, without suitable defence from the cold or storm, accommodated only with a mat of flags or bulrushes, a kettle, a wooden dish, and a few wooden spoons; strangers to the sweets of friendship and to science, immersed in scenes of cruelty and blood; can we think of them as fellow-men and feel no compassion, or can we much regard the expense of turning these habitations of cruelty into dwellingplaces of righteousness, and little sanctuaries, in which, instead of sacri fices to devils, the true God may be worshipped in spirit and in truth?”

They are said to have been sunk into a much more savage state than their supposed ancestors in Asia. That they came from Asia seems to have been generally believed in Ames

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rica ever since the proximity of the two Continents at Bhering's Straits has become known. This origin is inferred from the greater population of the western side of North America, from many traditions among the Indians, and from their languages. "Where the sun sleeps," say the Indians of Carolina, thence our forefathers came." The Missisippi tribes declare, that they "came from the north-west;' the Natches, that "they once dwelt in the south-west, under the sun." The Six Nations affirm, that in the southwest is the court of the Great God "Cawtantowwit." "There are the spirits of our forefathers. Thither go our own spirits when we die. From the south-west come corn and beans, out of the fields of the Great God" Cawtantowwit." The language of Mexico is said to be capable of being traced to the languages of Persia, Arabia, Tartary, &c. and several American languages somewhat resemble those of China and Japan.

It is further remarkable, that forts and mounds resembling those in northern Asia, abound in America, and especially on the western side.

But to return to the school: The Society in Scotland for propagating Christian Knowledge, "taking into their consideration the signal success with which it had pleased Almighty God to bless the British arms in North America, in the late war, and considering that Providence thereby called upon them to improve this opportunity for enlarging the kingdom of Christ in those dark places of the earth," proceeded to appoint a Corresponding Board for this general purpose; and they especially named Mr. Wheelock's school, as a leading object of their attention and benevolence. The Legislature also of Connecticut, the General Assembly of Massachusets and New Hampshire, and many other bodies, as well as individuals, favoured the design. Among the Subscribers in North Britain we find the noble Marquis of Lothian, giving 1001. The Rev. Dr.

Erskine of Edinburgh, and Walter Scott of the same place are also named among these northern worthies. Eight Indian youths, educated at the school, went forth at this time, as schoolmasters and assistants to missionaries; and the missionary Kirkland now travelled over the more distant forests, having a body patient of fatigue, and a mind fearless of danger in the cause of his Redeemer; and the contempt of the proud and blood-thirsty warriors is said to have been gradually changed into admiration of this man's courage and kindness. Sometimes famine threatened his life, sometimes the passions of individuals; but he continued for eighteen months to preach the Word of Life, and to improve himself in the Indian language.

The number of children at Moor's school now rose to about 120; and the occasion for supplies of money becoming more and more pressing, the Rev. Mr. Occum, the first Indian preacher, of whose name mention has been already made, passed over to Great Britain, in order to recommend the cause to the British Public. He preached in many pulpits, usually from written sermons; but he could also extemporize. His compositions are said to have been easy, figurative, and impressive. The King, at the instance of the late pious and respectable Earl of Dartmouth, condescended to give 10001. to this object; and about 70001, being collected, a Board of Trustees for the management of the fund was appointed, at the head of which was this Christian Earl, and the late John Thornton, Esq. was the Treasurer. The University of Edinburgh now conferred on Mr. Wheelock the degree of Doctor in Divinity.

We have hitherto been contemplating only an Indian school, a mere shrub, which has been gradually attaining to the height of the most aspiring of its kind, but not a spacious oak, or a cedar of the mountain. We have now, however, to speak of this little seed as plainly

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becoming a great forest tree, all the fowls of the air, and the cattle of the field, beginning to flock to the shade of it. The views of every one being enlarged by the English subscription, a more centrical site for the school was desired, and the idea of a college also presented itself. Governor Barnard and Governor John Wentworth were among the persons who were forward to invite Dr. Wheelock into their district. Tracts of valuable land were freely offered; and in 1769, a charter issued from Governor Went worth for a college, endowed with ample privileges, and all the honours of an English University. The place fixed upon was the western part of New Hampshire: the name, in honour of the English patron, was Dartmouth College; and Dr. Wheelock, now 61, was the first President.

The departure of Dr. Wheelock to his new residence was an event scarcely less signal than that of the migration of his grandfather to the American continent. His pastoral relation to his church at Lebanon being dissolved, which had subsisted for 30 years, the good old patriarch led the way; a part of his own family proceeding in a coach, afforded him by a friend in England, that good old Jand of conveniences; while the multitude of his coloured pupils, bringing up the rear, traversed the ground on foot. The number of souls,by the first arrival, was seventy. The pines, one of which measured 270 feet,had been felled over a few acres before the new colonists appeared, and a framed house had been begun for the reception of the aged Doctor. A college, 80 feet long and 2 stories high, was quickly raised; but the autumnal blasts made their early visit, and the sufferings of the party were considerable. The water failing, they had to remove for 60 rods further south; and, through some fault in the construction of the mill, provisions came from far, and they were often scanty as well as coarse. The snow lay four feet deep, for nearly five

months; and the sun was rendered by the trees invisible, until it had risen many degrees above the horizon. The first winter, therefore, was long and dreary; but the worthy President consoled himself with reflecting on the school of prophets founded in the wilderness of Jordan, by Elisha the prophet, and the minds of the young men were at this time peculiarly drawn to the things which concerned their salvation.

When the season assumed a milder aspect, the Doctor was used to offer up to God his morning and. evening prayer, standing in the open air, at the head of his nume rous family, while the pious sound reverberated through the surrounding forest. The difficulties abated. Governor Wentworth was eager to assist the settlement, and offered to give to it the power of excluding persons dangerous to the morals of the college by means of a civil jurisdiction over the surrounding district; but now the agitations which preceded the American Revolution began to obstruct the progress of improvement. Many Indian warriors became jealous of the undertaking; and the Missionaries were driven in on every side, excepting that of the Oneidas, among whom the Christian labours of Mr. Kirkland had been extremely signal. Some indeed, even of those who had received instruction under Dr. Wheelock, ranged themselves on the side of violence and desolation, at the time when intercourse with Great Britain became suspended. "The fund in England for the school" is stated to have been "exhausted." The Doctor had now 16 Indian and as many English youths under his care, whom he was preparing to send out as missionaries. His Ame rican resources for the school were also cut off. The country was full only of military ardour. Even agriculture was neglected: labourers. could not be had at a reasonable. price: men forsook the school of the prophets to ask for news from the camp, and the vine in the wilderness

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