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The Sojourn of Christ in the Desert; His Temptations.

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LUKE IV.

AND Jesus being full of the holy spirit returned from the Jordan, and was led by the spirit into the desert, 2 for forty days, being tempted by the devil. And he ate nothing in those days and when they were ended, he afterward hungered. 3 And the devil said unto him, "If thou art the Son of God, command this stone that it become bread."+ 4 And Jesus answered him, saying, "It is written, 'Man shall

JOHN +

So Wolf, Griesbach, Schleusner, Kuinoel, and others.-The remainder of this chapter, containing the Genealogy, will be found in the Introduction, Sect. vi., p. 6.

+ If the second verse of St. John's Gospel refer to this period, it may be inserted here.

In Matthew aprot, loaves, in Luke aprog, a loaf: but, for the sake of the next verse, bread is the most convenient rendering.

MATT. IV.

not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.'"

5 Then the devil taketh him to the holy city, and placeth him on the wing of the temple, 6 and saith unto him, "If thou art the Son of God, cast thyself down: for it is written, 'He will give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.'" 7 Jesus said unto him, Again it is written, 'Thou shalt not tempt the LORD thy God.'"

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Again, the devil taketh him to a very high mountain, and showeth him all the kingdoms of the world,† and the glory of them

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9 and saith unto him, "All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and do me reverence." 10 Then saith Jesus unto him, "Get thee behind me, Satan : for it is written, 'Thou shalt revere the LORD thy

MARK

Ps. 91: 11, 12.

Deut. 6; 16.

Deut. 6; 13.

LUKE IV.

not live by bread alone, but by every word of God.'"

9 And he led him to Jerusalem, and placed him on the wing of the temple, and said unto him, "If thou art the Son of God, cast thyself down from hence; 10 for it is written, 'He will give his angels charge concerning thee, to keep thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone.' 12 And Jesus answering said unto him, "It is said, "Thou shalt not tempt the LORD thy God.'"

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And the devil, taking him up to a high mountain, showed him all the kingdoms of the land + in a moment of time. 6 And the devil said unto him, "I will give thee all this authority, and the glory of them for it hath been delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I will, I give it. If therefore thou wilt do reverence before me, all shall be thine." • And Jesus answered and said unto him, "It is written, 'Thou shalt revere the LORD thy God, and

JOHN

• The second temptation in Matthew is the third in Luke; and vice versa.

+ Matthew has του κόσμου, Luke της οικουμένης. The latter uses the same word for the land of Palestine in ch. ii. 1 of the Gospel, and also in Acts xi. 28, as is evident from ver. 29.

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Testimony of the Baptist to a Deputation from the Sanhedrim, which came

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LUKE John 1; 15. (p. 16.)

Deut. 18; 15.

Is. 40; 3.

22

The first Disciples of Jesus.

JOHN I.

19 AND this is the testimony of John, when the Jews sent Priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, "Who art thou?" 20 And he confessed, and denied not: yea he confessed, “I am not the Christ." And they asked him, "What, therefore? Art thou Elijah?" And he saith, "I am not.” "Art thou the prophet?" And he answered, "No." They said therefore unto him, "Who art thou? that we may give an answer to them that sent us: what sayest thou concerning thyself?" 23 He said, "I am 'the voice of one crying in the desert, Make straight the way of the Lord,' as said Isaiah the prophet." 24 (And they who were sent were of the Pharisees). 25 And they asked him, and said unto him, “Why therefore dost thou baptize, if thou art not the Christ, nor Elijah, nor the prophet?" 26 John answered them, saying, "I baptize with water: but one hath stood in the midst of you, whom ye know not; even he who cometh after me, the thong of whose sandal I am not worthy to unloose." 28 These things took place at Bethany + beyond the Jordan, where John was baptizing.

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29 The next day he seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, "Behold the Lamb of God, that taketh away the sin of the world. 30 This is he concerning whom I said, 'After me cometh a man who is preferred before me: for he was before me.'‡ 31 And I

* Προσκυνήσεις Κύριον τον Θεον σου, και αυτῳ μονῳ λατρεύσεις. The Septuagint has φοβηθηση for προσκυνήσεις.

The common reading is Bethabara.-It was near the Ford of the Jordan above Jericho.

† Or, who bath taken precedence of me, for he was my principal, ός εμπροσθεν μου γεγονεν ότι πρώτος μου ην.

MATT.

MARK

LUKE

JOHN I.

knew him not before:* but that he might be made manifest to Israel, for this I came baptizing with water." 32 And John bare testimony, saying, “I saw the spirit descending from heaven as a dove, and it abode upon him. 33 And I knew him not before: but he that sent me to baptize with water, had said unto me,Upon whomsoever thou shalt see the spirit descending, and abiding upon him, the same is he that baptizeth with the holy spirit.' 34 And I saw, and bare testimony that this is the Son of God."

35 The next day John was again standing there, and two of his disciples; 36 and looking upon Jesus as he was walking along, he saith, "Behold the Lamb of God!" 37 And the two disciples heard him speaking thus, and they followed Jesus. 38 But Jesus turning and seeing them following him, saith unto them, "What are ye seeking?" And they said unto him, "Rabbi," (which signifieth, being interpreted, Teacher), "where abidest thou?" 39 He saith unto them, "Come and see." They came and saw where he abode, and they abode with him that day : (it was about the tenth hour). 40 Andrew, the brother of Simon Peter, was one of the two who heard from John, and followed him. He first findeth his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, "We have found the Messiah," (which is, being interpreted, the Christ, i. e. the Anointed). 42 And he brought him to Jesus. Jesus looking at him, said, "Thou art Simon the son of Jonah; thou shalt be called Cephas:" (which is, interpreted, Peter, i. e. Rock).

43 The next day he purposed to go forth into Galilee; and he findeth Philip, and saith unto him, "Follow me." 44 Now Philip was of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter. 45 Philip findeth Natha nael, and saith unto him, "We have found him of whom Moses wrote in the law, and also the prophets, Jesus the son of Joseph, who is from Nazareth." 46 And Nathanael said unto him, "Can any thing good come out of Nazareth?" Philip saith unto him, "Come and see." 47 Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith concerning him, "Behold an

• Comp. Matt. iii. 14. John knew the personal character of Jesus; but, till the holy spirit came upon Jesus at his baptism, he did not know who the person was, to prepare for whom he was himself sent. The verb here, and in ver. 33 is yoɛtv, I had known, or, I knew.

MATT.

MARK

LUKE

JOHN 1.

48 Natha

Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile!"
nael saith unto him, "Whence knowest thou
me?" Jesus answered and said unto him, "Before
Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree,
I saw thee." 49 Nathanael answered and saith unto
him, "Rabbi! thou art the Son of God! thou art
the King of Israel!" 50 Jesus answered and 'said
unto him, "Because I said unto thee, I saw thee
under the fig-tree,' believest thou thou wilt see
greater things than these." 51 And he saith unto
him, "Verily, verily, I say unto you, Henceforth ye
will see heaven opened, and the angels of God
ascending and descending upon the Son of man."

SECT. VI.

The Marriage at Cana: Our Lord's First Miracle.

MATT.

MARK

LUKE

JOHN II.

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AND on the third day there was a marriage-feast in Cana of Galilee; and the mother of Jesus was there and both Jesus was invited, and his disciples, to the marriage-feast. And the wine failing, the mother of Jesus saith unto him, "They have no wine." Jesus saith unto her, "Woman,† what hast thou to do with me is not mine hour come?" His mother saith unto the servants, "Whatsoever he saith unto you, do it." 6 Now there were lying there six stone vessels for water, (according to the purification of the Jews), containing two or three firkins apiece. 7 Jesus saith unto them, "Fill the vessels with water." And they filled them up to the brim. And he saith unto them, "Draw some out now, and bear unto the president of the feast."§

The third day from our Lord's setting out for Galilee. Cana was about sixty miles from Bethabara, and six from Nazareth. The marriage-festivals frequently lasted seven or eight days. The presence of Jesus on this occasion, may have caused a greater attendance than had heen anticipated, and, in consequence, a failure of the supply of wine before the termination of the festival.

+ Comp. ch. xix. 26. Fvvy was often used by the Greeks in addressing persons of the highest stations in society. Our Lord's remonstrance implies, that the time to exercise his Heavenly Father's commission was come, and that his mother must no longer expect from him obedience to her as a son.

Kaapioμoç here expresses the custom of washing before and after eating.

§ apxirpiklivog, the person who presided at the tables, which, with their conches, were so arranged as to form three sides of a rectangle.

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