Developmental Toxicology: Risk Assessment and the Future, الجزء 489

ability activity addition agents allow altered analysis animal appear approach assessment associated behavioral biological blood body carcinogens cause cells changes chemical compartment compounds concentration considerations culture decreased defects defined determine developmental toxicity differences discussed dose drug early effects elimination embryos end points et al evaluation evidence example experimental exposure factors fetal fetus findings function further gestation given groups Health human important increased induced interactions Johnson Kimmel levels litter male malformations maternal maternal toxicity measures mechanisms methods mice models molecular mouse needed observed occur offspring organ outcomes parameters pharmacokinetic physiological placental possible potential pregnancy prenatal Press priority produce proposed rats relationship relatively reported reproductive response risk screening seen sensitivity significant similar species statistical structure studies suggested Teratogenesis teratogens Teratology tion tissues Toxicol toxicology transplacental treatment validation vitro weight xenobiotic York